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Exam questions-abbot Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 functions of the spleen

A

hematopoietic (creates new blood cells)

Red blood cell reservoir

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2
Q

Name one tissue specific macrophage

A

microglia-brain

Klumpfer- liver

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3
Q

Name 2 effects of activation of macrophages by PAMPs

A

antimicrobial

antigen presentation

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4
Q

Antibody produced during a secondary or anamnestic response has higher affinity to the antigenic epitopes that the antibody during primary immune response. What mechanism results in this increased specificity

A

somatic hypermutation

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5
Q

List two of the body’s reactions to injury resulting in inflammation

A

Increased blood flow

accumulation of lymphocytes

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6
Q

List 3 mechanisms of generating diversity in B cell receptors. Does this also occur in T cells

A

Mutations/deletions- Yes
Somatic hypermutation- No
Genetic diversity- Yes

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7
Q

Once a B cell class switches to IgE it can no longer produce IgG, but it can still switch to IgA, why

A

Loss of genes

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8
Q

Positive selection of T cells in the thymus deletes certain T cells. Why

A

Can’t recognize self MHC

Negative is because they act with self

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9
Q

On what type of cells are MHC class 2 present

A

Antigen presenting cells

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10
Q

Where is the antigen derived that is presented by MHC class 2

A

exogenous

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11
Q

What type of cell does MHC class 2 present antigen to

A

CD4

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12
Q

Polymorphism in regard to MHC molecules

A

Co-dominant

Able to produce many responses

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13
Q

Polygeny in regards to MHC 2 molecules

A

multiple genes

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14
Q

2 separate signals that activate naive T cells from the same APC. What molecules are involved in the 1st and 2nd signal

A

MHC-CD3

B7-CD28

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15
Q

What happens to a T cell if only the 1st signal is received

A

Tolerence

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16
Q

What is the major target in a graft that is recognized as foreign by the immune system of the recipient

A

MHC

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17
Q

What causes increased immunogenicity

A

Large size
Intermediate dose
Complex composition

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18
Q

List two secondary lymphoid organs other than lymph nodes and spleen

A

Peyer’s patches

MALT

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19
Q

What type of injection will give the best immunogenicity

A

SQ

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20
Q

What is the general effector of immediate hypersensitivity

A

IgE

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21
Q

What is a condition of immediate hypersensitivity

A

allergies

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22
Q

What is the general effector of cytotoxic type hypersensitivity

A

ADCC

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23
Q

What is a condition of cytotoxic type hypersensitivity

A

Drug reactions

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24
Q

What is a general effector of immune complex type hypersensitivity

A

Immune complex

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25
What is a condition of immune complex type hypersensitivity
Serum sickness
26
What is a general effector of delayed type hypersensitivity
T-lymph
27
what is a condition of delayed type hypersensitivitiy
poison ivy
28
First line of defense against virus that infects endothelial cells
MHC 1 restricted production of Th1 cytokines
29
Immunity against a small extracellular protozoa
antibody, opsonizing
30
general protection against heminthes
Cytokine mediated NK cells
31
Toxin mediated disase such as Clostridium botulinum
Antibody neutralizing
32
Long term memory response against viral infection of epithelial cells
MHC 1 restricted productionof cytotoxic Tlmphhocytes
33
T/F: Adaptive immune response is always genearate after an innate immune response
false
34
T/F: Adaptive immunity always requires priming
True
35
For a whole organism that is inactivated vaccine, do you need adjuvant, does it replicate in host, and is it exogenous or endogenous
Needs adjuvant, does not replicate in host, exogenus
36
For a whole organism that is live, do you need adjuvant, does it replicate in host, and is it exogenous or endogenous
Doesn't need adjuvant, replicates in host, endogenous
37
Does part of the part of the whole antigen that is inactivated in a vaccine need adjuvant, replicate in host, and is it exogenous or endogenous
needs adjuvant, does not replicate in host, exogenous
38
Does a whole modified vaccine need adjuvant, replicate in host, and is it exogenous, endogenous, or both
does not need adjuvant, replicates in host, and is both
39
One difference between primary and secondary lymphoid organs
Primary- lymphocyte maturation | Secondary- proliferation
40
What is an example of a primary lymph organ
Thymus
41
What is an example of secondary lymph organ
lymph node
42
what are 2 functions of macrophages
Phagocytosis | antigen presentation
43
Is recognition of PAMPs in beginning of immune response adaptive or innate
Innate
44
macrophages, neutrophils, compliment, and NK cells are primarily innate or adaptive
innate
45
Memory is innate or adaptive
adaptive
46
APC for generation of immune response adaptive or innate
adaptive
47
is phagocytosis of exogenous antigen MHC 1 or 2
2
48
The fusion of lysosome and the phagosome for processing is MHC1 or 2
2
49
APCs are used in MHC 1 or 2
2
50
Does MHC 1 or 2 require the proteosome for processing of endogenous antigen
1
51
what is used in toxin mediated disease
antibody neutralizing
52
what is used in intestinal infection
antibody neutralizing
53
what is used in innate immunity protection of west nile virus
natural killer cells
54
what is used in short term adaptive protection against WNV
antibody opsonizing
55
what is used in long term adaptive protection against WNV
CD8T cells
56
what is used in immunity against an intracellualr bacteria
phagosomal lysosomal fusion
57
what are 2 problems that can occur with any vaccine
hypersensitivity | impure vaccine
58
2 goals of vaccine that are independent of eradication
increase resistance of herd | prevent spreading
59
What are unique features of the mucosal immune system
peyer's patches, M cells, secretory IgA
60
Kennel cough vaccine is administered interanasal, what antibody would predominate
IgA
61
unique feature of secretory IgA
synthesis in mucosal tissues only
62
what is self tolerance
lack of response to a self antigen
63
how is b and t cell self tolerance established
colonal deletion/ colonal anergy
64
what is colonal deletion
elimination of immature T and B cell clones with self reactive antigen receptors
65
what is autoimmunity
loss of self tolerance

Immunology (28 decks)

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