Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

most important artery of nose

A

sphenopalatine artery

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2
Q

corniculate cartilage

A

helps anchor vocal cords

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3
Q

what divides lymphatic drainage in larynx

A

vocal folds

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4
Q

sternal angle between

A

T4-T5

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5
Q

Part 1 of subclavian

A

thyrocervical, thoracic artery, vertebral artery

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6
Q

Part 2 of subclavian

A

Costocervical

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7
Q

Part 3 of subclavian

A

becomes axillary artery

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8
Q

diaphragmatic aperture T12

A

Aortic –> thoracic duct, azygos v

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9
Q

diaphragmatic aperture T10

A

Esophageal esophagus, R and L Vagus n, esophageal branches of L gastric vessels, lymphatics from lower 1/3 of esophagus

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10
Q

diaphragmatic aperture C8

A

Caval: in central tendon: IVC and terminal branches of R phrenic n

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11
Q

left phrenic nerve origin of innervation

A

C3-C5

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12
Q

part of diaphragm that moves

A

central; periphery stays still

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13
Q

sphenoid air sinus opening

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

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14
Q

nipple is (blank) to midclavicular line

A

lateral

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15
Q

branches of internal thoracic artery

A

anterior intercostal arteries, pericardiacophrenic artery, mediastinal arteries,
superior epigastric artery, musculophrenic artery

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16
Q

mediastinum from T1-T4

A

superior

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17
Q

mediastinum from T5-T12

A

inferior

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18
Q

endoderm forms

A

epithelial linings of:

digestive, respiratory, urogenital tracts and their glands

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19
Q

ectoderm forms

A

nervous system and epidermis

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20
Q

bronchial venous supply goes to

A

azygos system

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21
Q

most common form of lung cancer

A

non-small cell

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22
Q

main blood supply to pericardium

A

internal thoracic and thoracic aorta

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23
Q

artery used for coronary bypass grafting

A

internal thoracic

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24
Q

pleural recesses

A

costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal

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25
Q

runs from lower border of cricoid cartilage at C6 to carina

A

trachea

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26
Q

respiratory zone

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

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27
Q

root connects lung with

A

heart and trachea

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28
Q

blood supply of lungs

A

bronchial and pulmonary arteries

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29
Q

right bronchial vein

A

azygos vein

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30
Q

left bronchial vein

A

accessory hemiazygos vein

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31
Q

lymphatic drainage of lungs

A

lymphatic plexus to bronchopulmonary nodes to tracheobronchial nodes to bronchomediastinal to right lymphatic duct or left thoracic duct

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32
Q

parasympathetic effects on lungs

A

bronchoconstriction, inhibit pulmonary vessels, secretory glands of bronchial tree

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33
Q

sympathetic control of lung

A

bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, reduce secretion

34
Q

Hering Bruer reflex

A

prevents overinflation of the lungs

35
Q

inferior ganglion of vagus

A

nodose ganglion

36
Q

superior ganglion of vagus

A

jugular ganglion

37
Q

visceral afferents from lung

A
gag reflex of bronchial mucosa
stretch reception of bronchial muscles
Hering Breuer reflex
pressure receptors in pulmonary arteries
chemoreceptors in pulmonary veins
38
Q

true or false visceral pleura has general sensory afferents

A

false- only parietal can transmit pain

39
Q

restricts heart movements, prevents overfilling, lubricates heart

A

pericardium

40
Q

visceral layer of pericardium reflected back onto heart

A

epicardium

41
Q

transverse pericardial sinus

A

behind aorta and pulmonary trunk

42
Q

nerve supply of pericardium

A
phrenic nerve (fibrous)
vagus nerve (visceral)
43
Q

borders of the heart

A

right- r. atrium
left- left auricle
lower - right ventricle and atrium
apex- left ventricle

44
Q

phrenic nerve origin

A

C3-C5

45
Q

space between septum primum and septum secundum

A

foramen ovale

46
Q

connects pulmonary trunk and aorta in fetus

A

ductus arteriosus

47
Q

connects right and left atrium in fetus

A

foramen ovale

48
Q

changes in heart after birth

A

close foramen ovale, constrict ductus arteriosus

49
Q

atrial septal defect

A

hole in atrial septum

deoxygenated blood from right atrium mixes with oxygenated blood in left atrium

50
Q

ventriuclar septal defect

A

hole in ventricular septum
blood from left ventricle flows into right ventricle
increased workload on left ventricle
can cause heart failure

51
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

hert murmur often only symptom

can lead to heart failure

52
Q

stenosis of valves

A

valve flaps thick and stiff
heart murmur
if severe increased pressure in right ventricle, patient SOB

53
Q

atresia

A

malformation of valve, complex heart disease

54
Q

coarctation of aorta

A

narrowing of aortic arch or descending aorta that blocks flow
postductals still have collateral circulation
left ventricular hypertrophy

55
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

pulmonary valve stenosis
oxygen poor blood from right ventricle flows into aorta instead of pulmonary artery
right ventricular hypertrophy
must be repaired right after birth

56
Q

right coronary artery starts in

A

anterior aortic sinus

57
Q

left coronary artery starts in

A

left aortic sinus

58
Q

cardiac plexus contains

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

59
Q

noncoronary sinus

A

posterior aortic sinus

60
Q

right coronary artery brnaches

A

SA nodal
right marginal
posterior IV
AV nodal

61
Q

left branches of coronary artery

A

Anterior IV (LAD)
circumflex
left marginal
posterior IV

62
Q

tearing pain, can push on esophagus, trachea, or recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

aortic aneurysm

63
Q

pain axons from heart enter spine at

A

T1-T4 (or T5)

64
Q

most common sites for MI

A

LAD
right coronary
circumflex

65
Q

venous angle

A

where subclavian and internal jugular meet

66
Q

left venous angle receives lymph from

A

thoracic duct

67
Q

right venous angle receives lymph from

A

right lymphatic duct

68
Q

right phrenic nerve passes through this opening

A

caval opening

69
Q

branches of aorta in thorax

A
ascending aorta
arch of aorta
thoracic aorta
posterior intercostals
bronchial
esophageal
superior phrenic
70
Q

laceration of this duct leads to chylothorax, causing dyspnea, tachypnea,

A

thoracic duct

71
Q

SVC syndrome

A

SVC inflow is blocked, blood rerouted through azygos system, causes vascular pooling and edema

72
Q

landmarks of pelvis

A

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

73
Q

fasciae of abdomen superficial to deep

A

subcutaneous, investing, endo-abdominal, extraperitoneal fat

74
Q

allows bladder expansion

A

supravesical fossae

75
Q

site of most common (indirect) hernia

A

lateral inguinal

76
Q

reflex that withdraws testes when cold

A

cremasteric reflex

77
Q

inside inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord or round ligament of uterus
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
ilioinguinal nerve

78
Q

what is in spermatic cord

A
cremaster and dartos muscles
vas deferens
testicular, cremastic, genitofemoral arteries
testicular veins
sympathetic fibers
lymphatics
79
Q

innervates cremaster muscle

A

genitofemoral nerve

80
Q

hydrocele can form f this does not close

A

processus vaginalis

81
Q

rotation of testes around spermatic cord

A

testicular torsion