Exam Review Flashcards by e l

The first scientific journal to publish exercise physiology articles was the ___.

American College of Sports Medicine Health and Fitness Journal
American Journal of Physiology
Journal of Exercise Physiology
Physiological Reviews

American Journal of Physiology

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The professional organization with the largest number of members dedicated to exercise physiology and the exercise physiologist is the ___.

American College of Sports Medicine
European College of Sport Science
International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education
World Health Organization

American College of Sports Medicine

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Beginning in 1927, this institution established exercise physiology as an important academic discipline.

American College of Sports Medicine
Amherst Hygiene and Physical Education Institute
Harvard Fatigue Laboratory
Karolinska Exercise Laboratory

Harvard Fatigue Laboratory

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Exercise physiology as an academic discipline consists of all the following distinct components except:

Body of knowledge built on facts and theories derived from research
Formal course of study in institutions of higher learning
Knowledge that must include both anatomy and physiology
Professional preparation of practitioners and future investigators and leaders in the field

Knowledge that must include both anatomy and physiology

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What country became the first European country to require physical training in the school curriculum?

Denmark
Sweden
Norway
Finland

Denmark

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Which of the following represented the first professional organization in the United States to include topics related to exercise physiology?
  ACSM 
  AAHPERD 
  NIH 
  AAAPE

AAAPE

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\_\_\_ created the first departmental major in Anatomy, Physiology, and Physical Training at Harvard University.
  Edward Hitchcock, Jr. 
  George Wells Fitz 
  Galen@ Objective 
  Austin Flint, Jr.

George Wells Fitz

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The official journal of ACSM is __________.
American College of Sports Medicine Health and Fitness Journal
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Journal of Exercise Physiology
Physiological Reviews

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

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Which of the following is a category for the ACSM Clinical Track certifications?
  Exercise Leader 
  Exercise Test Technologist 
  Health/Fitness Director 
  Health/Fitness Instructor

Exercise Test Technologist

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Dr. Thomas Kirk Cureton was a pioneering physical educator and researcher at the:
  University of Indiana 
  University of Iowa 
  Harvard University 
  University of Illinois

University of Illinois

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The two common forms of plant polysaccharide are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  bran and oligosaccharides 
  cellulose and lactose 
  fiber and starch 
  glycogen and hemicellulose

fiber and starch

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Lipoproteins are __________.
comprised mostly of unsaturated fatty acids
the essential storage molecules for body lipid
the main structures for blood lipid transport
the most universal energy source during moderate exercise

the main structures for blood lipid transport

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Major dietary sources of vitamin B12 include \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  fruits 
  whole grains 
  meats 
  legumes

meats

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The two most plentiful minerals in the body are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  calcium and phosphorous 
  iron and silicon 
  potassium and zinc 
  magnesium and sodium

calcium and phosphorous

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The largest amount of body water is located within a person's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  bladder 
  intracellular compartment 
  plasma 
  interstitial space

intracellular compartment

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A kilocalorie (kCal) or calorie is equal to the heat required to raise the temperature of:
  1 pound of water 1°F 
  1 ounce of water 1°F 
  1 gram of water 1°C 
  1 kilogram of water 1°C

1 kilogram of water 1°C

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The precompetition meal should emphasize foods high in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  Carbohydrates 
  lipids 
  proteins 
  vitamins and minerals

Carbohydrates

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When would the ingestion of fluids induce gastric emptying?
when it has a glucose concentration above 30%
when it has a high osmolarity
when it is a large volume of fluids
when it is warm

when it is a large volume of fluids

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Because of its relatively slow intestinal absorption, this sugar is purported to be a beneficial pre-exercise fuel.
  Fructose 
  Glucose 
  Lactose 
  Sucrose

Fructose

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To optimally provide rehydration and carbohydrate replenishment, an oral solution should ideally contain this percentage of carbohydrate.
  1-4% 
  5-8% 
  9-12% 
  13-16%

5-8%

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Anabolic steroids are functionally most similar to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
  aldosterone 
  epinephrine 
  norepinephrine 
  Testosterone

Testosterone

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Growth hormone does not:
  decrease carbohydrate catabolism 
  increase fatty acid breakdown 
  lactate accumulation in muscle 
  stimulate amino acid uptake and muscle protein synthesis

lactate accumulation in muscle

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Amphetamines do not:
exert powerful central nervous system stimulation
have abuse liability
mimic the effects of epinephrine on glucose
reduce blood pressure, cardiac output, and respiration rate

reduce blood pressure, cardiac output, and respiration rate

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Which of the following is not true about caffeine?
It can cause headache, insomnia, and premature ventricular beats
It has diuretic activity
It is a central nervous system stimulant
It is banned by the IOC

It is banned by the IOC

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``` This term means to enhance physiologic capacity or exercise performance: Ergogenic Ergolytic Ergonomic Ergosum ```

Ergogenic

``` The recommended daily maintenance intake of creatine following a loading regimen is: 2 g/day 4 g/day 6 g/day 8 g/day ```

2 g/day

Creatine supplementation has all of these ergogenic effects except: it augments short bursts of maximum muscular effort it helps muscular efforts that enhance training effectiveness it improves performance dependent on strength and power it increases maximal oxygen uptake for aerobic efforts

it increases maximal oxygen uptake for aerobic efforts

Which statement is true about DHEA? Chemically, it resembles both estrogen and testosterone The amount produced is small compared to other steroids, but levels stay relatively constant throughout a person's lifetime It is synthesized by and released from the pituitary gland The distribution and sale of it are tightly regulated by the Food and Drug Administration

Chemically, it resembles both estrogen and testosterone

College student athletes, compared to nonathlete peers: engage in more binge drinking of alcohol have less impaired motor coordination with alcohol consumption more carefully protect their bodies from alcohol's ill effects respond better to the strength-enhancing actions of alcohol

engage in more binge drinking of alcohol

Medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT) provide: enhanced long-term fat storage in muscles an ideal energy source for anaerobic activities a more rapid source of lipid fuel than long-chain counterparts prolonged absorption and delayed processing

a more rapid source of lipid fuel than long-chain counterparts

``` The first law of thermodynamics, as it relates to physiologic systems, dictates that energy is absorbed consumed produced transformed ```

transformed

Glycolytic reactions are aerobic continue in the absence of oxygen generate nitrogen-containing byproducts result in most of the body's ATP production

continue in the absence of oxygen

``` Enzymes are not permanently changed during a reaction pH dependent proteins capable of reversing the direction of a reaction ```

permanently changed during a reaction

``` This does not possess a high-energy phosphate bond ADP AMP ATP PCr ```

AMP

Glycerol can directly enter the glycolytic pathway can directly enter the citric acid cycle dissolves and removes lactate from muscle is a precursor to fatty acids

can directly enter the glycolytic pathway

``` Operation of the citric acid cycle ultimately leads to energy production because of the release of carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen ```

hydrogen

``` When an athlete can no longer take up additional oxygen, even though exercise intensity continues to increase, that athlete has reached his lactate threshold OBLA respiration compensation point VO2max ```

VO2max

When a person exercises lightly, there is an initial rapid increase in oxygen uptake followed by levels that demonstrate that uptake is slowly, steadily declining fluctuating widely as energy sources are consumed decreasing in a compensatory manner achieving a steady-state

achieving a steady-state

Fast-twitch muscle fibers display a delayed development of fatigue are low in phosphagen content when at rest rely almost exclusively on lipolysis are used extensively during a 100-meter sprint

are used extensively during a 100-meter sprint

``` The one action that ensures the fastest recovery from steady-rate exercise is active recovery methods consumption of cold beverages immersion in cool or tepid water passive recovery methods ```

passive recovery methods

``` The fact that swim training for endurance does little to improve an athlete's distance running supports the principle of generality individual differences reversibility specificity ```

specificity

``` The best measurement of the short-term energy system activation by exercise is blood glucose levels blood lactate levels blood pressure heart rate ```

blood lactate levels

``` All of the following are types of open-circuit, indirect calorimetric procedures except: bag technique portable spirometry bomb calorimeter computerized instrumentation ```

bomb calorimeter

``` The outer extremes assigned to RQ values for nutrients are 1.0 and 0.7, which coincide respectively with the values for carbohydrate and lipid carbohydrate and protein lipid and protein protein and lipid ```

carbohydrate and lipid

``` Complete combustion of the carbohydrate in 1 L of oxygen yields about 3 kCal 5 kCal 7 kCal 9 kCal ```

5 kCal

``` All of the following are a type of test to determine VO2max except: cycle ergometer test step test 1-RM test walking test ```

1-RM test

``` Gross energy expenditure associated with a given activity is equal to net energy expenditure: minus BMR minus resting energy exposed plus BMR plus resting energy exposed ```

plus resting energy exposed

``` To calculate an individual's resting daily energy expenditure (RDEE), this value is not relevant average sleep time basal metabolic rate height weight ```

average sleep time

``` Economy of effort in an athlete will be most enhanced by increasing work rate slowing down during practice stretching exercises and warm-ups working on techniques ```

working on techniques

``` The energy cost for traveling the same distance running as compared to swimming is roughly 10% 25% 50% 75% ```

25%

``` In the conductive portion of the ventilator system, all of the following choices happen to air except: it adjusts to body temperature it is filtered it is humidified it is vaporized ```

it is vaporized

``` This decreases the effective PO2 in tracheal air by about 10 mm Hg: Humidification Impact of inspired PCO2 Residual expired air Temperature change due to warming ```

Humidification

``` This is least common among novice exercisers: Decreased circulating H+ Dyspnea Increased circulating CO2 Respiratory muscle fatigue ```

Decreased circulating H+

``` Pulmonary airway resistance to the flow of air most determines airflow speed alveolar dynamics residual lung volume volume of air moved ```

airflow speed

``` Poiseuille's law allows one to quantify blood flow resistance stagnation temperature volume ```

flow resistance

``` A hypotensive response to moderate aerobic exercise can be maintained during recovery for 6 hours 12 hours 18 hours 24 hours ```

12 hours

``` Stroke volume reaches the highest and most stable levels when a person is exercising in a seated position exercising in an upright position in a horizontal position at rest in an upright position at rest ```

in a horizontal position at rest

``` This blends into and joins with intramuscular tissue sheaths to form tendons. Endomysium Epimysium Fasciculus Perimysium ```

Epimysium

``` The interconnecting network of tubular channels and vesicles within a muscle cell is called the sarcolemma sarcomere sarcoplasm sarcoplasmic reticulum ```

sarcoplasmic reticulum

``` When an action potential spreads over a muscle fiber surface, the sarcolemma breaks down actomyosin depolarizes relaxes releases ```

depolarizes

``` Endocrine glands are concentrated in sweat and upper digestive tract glands ductile hormone-secreting under nervous system control ```

hormone-secreting

``` No hormone is chemically classified as an amino acid derivative a peptide a steroid a sugar ```

a sugar

``` Hormonal secretion is stimulated in all of the following ways except: genetically hormonally humorally neurally ```

genetically

``` Human growth hormone blunts skeletal growth facilitates protein synthesis increases carbohydrate utilization treats acromegaly ```

facilitates protein synthesis

Hypothyroidism displays all of the following effects except: accelerated speech and thought processes cold intolerance dry, thin skin bradycardia

accelerated speech and thought processes

``` Aldosterone is the most physiologically important androgen catecholamine glucocorticoid mineralocorticoid ```

mineralocorticoid

``` Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic alpha cells beta cells D cells PP cells ```

alpha cells

All of these actions are dependent on insulin except: facilitating glucose transport in adipose tissue increasing glycogen synthesis in muscle inhibiting enzymes that cause fat breakdown promoting glucose uptake in exercising muscle

promoting glucose uptake in exercising muscle

All of the following are true concerning the fasting plasma glucose test except: it is more reliable than an oral glucose tolerance test its main value is to confirm diabetes when symptoms are present it requires an 8-hour fast it uses 126 mg/dL as the cutoff glucose level for suspected diabetes

its main value is to confirm diabetes when symptoms are present

The benefits of glucose regulation for type 2 diabetics who exercise are greatest with regular exercise are irrelevant to the benefits of exercise in pre-diabetes are more pronounced when there is hypoinsulinemia persist only when exercise is actually taking place

are greatest with regular exercise

``` The overload principle of physical conditioning means exercising at intensities greater than normal at maximal heart rate to the point of exhaustion at a certain blood pressure ```

at intensities greater than normal

``` Training with targeted heart rates allows a person to easily adjust exercise duration frequency intensity recovery ```

intensity

Increasing endurance training from 3 days weekly to 5 days weekly causes most people to drop out due to boredom detracts from aerobic improvement because of fatigue has the most significant benefit on caloric expenditure markedly improves aerobic training responses

has the most significant benefit on caloric expenditure

The dynamic method of testing for 1-RM can be estimated using submaximal repetitions evaluates only the eccentric muscle actions is especially recommended for children and older adults requires only a single lift to complete

can be estimated using submaximal repetitions

``` Concentric muscle actions are associated with all of the following except: contraction muscle lengthening muscle shortening tension development ```

muscle lengthening

Resistance training for the elderly and cardiac patients: focuses on optimizing power and muscular hypertrophy is usually contraindicated promotes strength and endurance if of moderate intensity typically employs three sets of exercise at 1-RM to 6-RM

promotes strength and endurance if of moderate intensity

Variable resistance training equipment adjusts to maximally benefit users of any size focuses on one aspect of a joint's range of motion helps muscles generate maximum force through all movement phases improves strength twice as effectively as free weights

helps muscles generate maximum force through all movement phases

When protective clothing becomes wet it loses much of its ability to insulate promote evaporative heat loss promote hypothermia in cold environments provide wicking action

insulate

Electrolyte additions to fluid replacement solutions are of higher priority than water replacement counteract kidney responses to sodium loss help sustain a person's thirst drive and plasma volume initiate rebound sweating

counteract kidney responses to sodium loss

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) does not cause cerebral symptoms like headache or dizziness develop as frequently with gradual acclimatization to altitude display symptom onset within 4-12 hours of ascent enhance tolerance to moderate exercise

develop as frequently with gradual

``` The body component with the lowest density (0.90) is bone mineral fat protein water ```

fat

``` Comparing the Behnke reference man model to the Behnke reference woman model, the woman model has larger body weight bone weight fat content muscle mass ```

fat content

``` The Behnke concept of minimal body mass in women incorporates this percentage of essential fat: 1% 3% 7% 12% ```

12%

``` The Siri Equation is a formula that estimates a person's body density bone density body fat percentage plasma volume ```

body fat percentage

Skinfold measurements ideally should be read consecutively, 3-4 times at each site read to the nearest 0.5 mm taken immediately after exercise taken at well lubricated, moist skin sites

read to the nearest 0.5 mm

Waist girth can complement BMI in predicting health risk is less predictive of health risk than hip girth is unrelated to diabetes risk measures gynoid obesity

can complement BMI in predicting health risk

Age-specific demarcations for obesity are accurate for bioelectrical impedance but not hydrodensitometry You Answered based on fat patterning counteracted by high levels of physical activity identical for women and men

counteracted by high levels of physical activity

``` Using BMI classifications, obesity is defined as beginning at this value. 25 30 35 40 ```

The following choice represents a prudent dietary approach to weight loss: increasing exercise and responding to hunger signals expending 1000+kCal/day more than are consumed reducing daily energy intake to 500 kCal less than expenditure selectively reducing fat intake to achieve fat loss

reducing daily energy intake to 500 kCal less than expenditure

The most successful weight loss programs include: a motivational triggering event or incident caloric restriction increased physical activity all of the choices

all of the choices

``` Proportionately, the fastest growing age group in the U.S. is those: less than 5 years old between 25 and 65 years old between 65 and 85 years old more than 100 years old ```

more than 100 years old

Current assessment of physical fitness includes all of the following except: abdominal muscle strength and endurance aerobic fitness lower back and hamstring flexibility measurements of speed and power

measurements of speed and power

``` Lack of weight-bearing exercise as a child may predispose an adult to: osteoporosis parathyroid dysfunction pulmonary capacity decline thyroid dysfunction ```

osteoporosis

Compared to men, women who have a heart attack: are less likely to survive coronary artery bypass surgery become less incapacitated by heart disease-related pain and disability and survive, rarely experience a second episode

are less likely to survive coronary artery bypass surgery

``` Optimal LDL and HDL levels according to the National Cholesterol Education Program are: less than 100, less than 35 less than 100, less than 60 less than 160, less than 35 more than 160, more than 60 ```

less than 100, less than 60

``` This does not commonly result from reduced myocardial blood supply: angina pectoris heart failure pericarditis myocardial infarction ```

pericarditis

``` The heart valve that can undergo prolapse, which often leads to fatigue during exercise, is the aortic valve mitral valve pulmonary valve tricuspid valve ```

mitral valve

``` An extra QRS complex without a corresponding P wave indicates: AV block premature ventricular contractions premature atrial contractions sinus tachycardia ```

premature ventricular contractions

Absolute contraindications to GXT include all of the following except: acute emotional distress history of chest pain recent complicated heart attack uncontrolled atrial or ventricular arrhythmia

history of chest pain

Cardiac catheterization: incorporates ventriculography measures pressure gradients within heart chambers is conducted under general anesthesia requires that a radiopaque dye flows through the coronaries

measures pressure gradients within heart chambers

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