Exam Review

Question 1

Define the term agonist

Answer 1

a drug that runs about a specific action by binding with the appropriate receptor

Question 2

what is an OTC drug?

Answer 2

Over the counter, requires no prescription

Question 3

List four sources of drugs

Answer 3

plant, animal, mineral, artificial

Question 4

What is the sequence of events that a drug undergoes in the body from administration to excretion?

Answer 4

Absorption, Distribution, Localization, Biotransformation, Elimination

Question 5

Most drug excretion occurs via the:

Answer 5

kidney and bladder

Question 6

Once a drug has been biotransformed in the liver it is called a:

Answer 6

Metabolite

Question 7

_________ is approved for use in lactating dairy animals

Answer 7

Ceftiofur

Question 8

__________ can cause staining of teeth in young animals

Answer 8

Tetracycline

Question 9

_________ should never be given IV to horses as it causes shock

Answer 9

Oxytetracycline

Question 10

Aminoglycosides are _____ toxic and _______ toxic

Answer 10

nephrotoxic and ototoxic (inner ear)

Question 11

Griseofulvin is used to treat ______

Answer 11

dermatophytic fungal infection of skin

Question 12

What is the order of structures oxygen will pass from the environment to the alveoli

Answer 12

Nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, left and right bronchi, left and right lungs, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 13

What are the 3 basic defence mechanisms of the respiratory tract

Answer 13

Nasal cavity: hair helps filter out particles Reflexes: cough, sneeze Mucociliary clearance: mucus layer on epithelial lining helps trap foreign debris

Question 14

Expectorants are used for what type of cough?

Answer 14

productive cough

Question 15

Acetylcysteine is administered in what way? What type of medication should be given prior?

Answer 15

Nebulization. Bronchodilator should be given first to open up the bronchioles and reduce irritation that Acetylcysteine produces

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of antitussives?

Answer 16

Suppress cough by depressing the cough centre in the brain

Question 17

The antibiotic of choice killed the organisms and did not harm the patient. The bacteria is ________ to the antibiotic

Answer 17

Sensitive

Question 18

The antibiotic of choice either did not kill the organism or harmed the patient in the process. The bacteria is _________ to the antibiotic.

Answer 18

Resistant

Question 19

What are 3 natural barriers a drug must cross

Answer 19

Blood brain barrier, CSF, eye

Question 20

What does it mean if a bacteria has Colonized?

Answer 20

The organisms are resistant and won’t be killed by the antibiotic of choice

Question 21

What are 5 ways in which antimicrobials can fight bacteria?

Answer 21

1. disruption of cell wall 2. damage cell membrane 3. interfere with protein synthesis 4. inhibition of nucleic acid production 5. disruption of metabolic activity

Question 22

What is antibiotic residue?

Answer 22

presence of chemical or its metabolites in animal tissue or food products

Question 23

How does antibiotic residue in animals contribute to bacterial resistance in humans?

Answer 23

Antibiotic residue in food production animals is then consumed by humans and as we get small doses over a lifetime of meat consumption we are slowly allowing the bacteria in our bodies to become resistant to doses of this antibiotic

Question 24

One thing that helps a drug penetrate the site of infection vs one thing that helps

Answer 24

inflammation vs abscess

Question 25

Cephalosporins are ______ by products

Answer 25

fungal

Question 26

Cephalosporins are susceptible to beta lactamase (true or false)

Answer 26

true (Cephalosporinase)

Question 27

True or false. Beta lactamase, cephalosporinase and penicillinase are all the same thing

Answer 27

true

Question 28

What is Betalactamase? What does it do?

Answer 28

It is an enzyme produced by bacteria that's purpose is to break apart the Beta-Lactum ring which is a crucial part of the Penicillin molecule. Without the ring it is useless against bacteria. Beta-Lactamase is also known as Penicillinase or Cephalosporinase.

Question 29

Penicillins work by interfering with the development of cell walls of bacteria. This means they are ineffective on adult cells. (true or false)

Answer 29

true

Question 30

Clavamox is a combination of:

Answer 30

Clavulanic acid and Amoxicillin

Question 31

What is the only large animal Penicillin

Answer 31

Synergistin (active drugs are ampicillin trihydrate and sulbactum benzathine

Question 32

Penicillins are quite safe compared to other antibiotics in animals and humans. Why?

Answer 32

Penicillins work by destroying cell walls and mammalian cells do not have cell walls

Question 33

What is the precaution with using Penicillin or Cephalosporin with a Bacteriostatic drug?

Answer 33

You cannot do this because penicillin and cephalosporin work by destroying developing cell walls. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit the growth/development of cells (and their cell walls) therefore we are creating resistance by using Penicillin when it is useless.

Question 34

The higher the number of Generation, the _______ the resistance to beta lactamase

Answer 34

higher

Question 35

which type of syringe does not have dead space

Answer 35

insulin

Question 36

is the rectal route realistic in veterinary medicine?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

What is the common trade name used for Metronidazole?

Answer 37

Flagyl

Question 38

U/F granules will have a greater absorption than other types of Griseofulvin (true or false)

Answer 38

true