Exam Three

Question 1

Drug

Answer 1

A drug is any substance that, when consumed, alters one or more of the functions of the human body.

Question 2

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 2

those that can produce major alterations in the mood, emotions, perceptions, or brain functioning of the person who takes them. (1) Sedatives and hypnotics, (2) Stimulants (3) Opiates and (4) hallucinogens and psychedelics

Question 3

Extreme Conservative opinion about drug use in the United States

Answer 3

In the United States, opinions about drug use vary widely. At one extreme, some groups call for a complete ban on all drugs, including alcohol.

Question 4

Centrist opinion about drug use in the United States

Answer 4

Other groups believe that some drugs – alcohol and marijuana… can be used safely by mature people.

Question 5

Extreme Liberal Opinion about drug use in the United States

Answer 5

At the other extreme, a few groups argue that adults should be free to use any drug they please, as long as they do not become a danger to others.

Question 6

Drug addiction

Answer 6

Drug addiction refers to physical dependence on a drug.

Question 7

Men vs. Women likelihood of alcoholism

Answer 7

Men are far more likely to become alcoholics than are women.

Question 8

Heredity as an influence on alcoholism

Answer 8

There is now impressive evidence to suggest that heredity influences the likelihood of some people becoming alcoholic.

Question 9

Drug abusers and proper treatment

Answer 9

Many drug abusers can be rehabilitated if they are given proper treatment, such as counseling, methadone maintenance, or job training.

Question 10

Young people and discrimination / exploitation

Answer 10

Human beings remain dependent on others after birth for much longer than is the case for most species. This dependence places the young at considerable risk of being discriminated against or exploited.

Question 11

Families putting children to work

Answer 11

In fact, families sometimes have to put everyone to work – including the children – to keep out of poverty.

Question 12

Age

Answer 12

Age: an ascribed status like race and sex influences a person’s position in society.

Question 13

Negative attitudes towards homosexuality in the United States

Answer 13

Nationally, the attitudes of people in the United States toward homosexuality have tended toward the negative. 43 percent of people in the United States believe that homosexual relations should be illegal… (2004).

Question 14

Similarities between gays and other minorities

Answer 14

Circumstances of gays, in many respects are similar to those of racial, ethnic, and gender minorities… “discrimination”.

Question 15

Two areas in which gays face discrimination / use of violence

Answer 15

Two areas in which gays face problems are in employment and housing, where discrimination is still strong… A particularly disturbing reaction by some against gay men and lesbians is the use of violence.

Question 16

Gay and Lesbian neighborhoods

Answer 16

Some neighborhoods of some cities in the United States have become distinctly gay and lesbian territories.

Question 17

Most perpetrators of antigay violence

Answer 17

Most perpetrators of antigay violence are adolescent or very young adult males, which suggests another source of this violence: the marginalized status of some adolescents and young adults.

Question 18

Severe economic exploitation of children in developing countries

Answer 18

Severe economic exploitation of children is not often found in the United States today, but it is, unfortunately, all too common in many nations around the globe, especially in developing countries.

Question 19

Child worker abuse

Answer 19

Child workers are often beaten or otherwise abused, and they typically do not receive an adequate education that would better prepare them to support themselves as adults.

Question 20

Children experiencing parents’ failures

Answer 20

Because of their dependent status, it is often children who experience the brunt of their parents’ frustration or failures.

Question 21

The importance of crime and delinquency as social problems in the United States

Answer 21

Statistics seem to document the importance of crime and delinquency in the United States: A. The rate of violent crime is twice as high today as it was in the 1960’s. B. The rate of incarceration in prison is four times higher today, one of the highest rates of any nation in the world.

Question 22

Criminal behavior / Social & psychological forces

Answer 22

Criminologists today agree that criminal behavior is for the most part due to psychological and social forces.

Question 23

Psychological approaches to crime / Deviance “mode of adaptation”

Answer 23

Unlike their biological counterparts, psychological approaches to crime still receive considerable support. Deviance is the person’s “mode of adaptation” to the anomie, although the person may not think of it this way.

Question 24

Robert K. Merton’s anomie theory

Answer 24

Robert K. Merton’s anomie theory (1968), which posits that inconsistencies and contradictions in the social system contribute to many forms of crime.

Question 25

Labeling theory

Answer 25

Labeling theory suggests that whether other people define or label a person as deviant is a critical determinant in the development of a pattern of deviant behavior.

Question 26

Crime

Answer 26

A crime is an act that violates a criminal code enacted by an officially constituted political authority.

Question 27

Juvenile delinquent

Answer 27

A juvenile delinquent is a young person who has committed a crime or has violated a juvenile code.

Question 28

Male vs. Female criminality involvement

Answer 28

Gender: Males have higher rates of involvement than females in practically all forms of criminality.