Exercise 14 Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Used to identify bacteria that can hydrolyze starch using the enzyme alpha-amylase and oligo-1,6-glucosidase
A
Starch Hydrolysis
2
Q
Used to differentiate species from the genera clostridium and bacillus
A
Starch hydrolysis
3
Q
Reacts to starch appearing blue-black color in the medium
A
Iodine
4
Q
Positive for starch hydrolysis
A
Clear zone of hydrolysis
B. subtilis
5
Q
Negative result for starch hydrolysis
A
No clearing
E. coli
6
Q
To determine the ability of the organism to degrade the casein protein
A
Casein Hydrolysis
7
Q
Major milk protein
A
Casein
8
Q
Degradation of protein into amino acids
A
Proteolysis
9
Q
Responsible for protein degradation
A
Proteases
10
Q
Positive result for casein hydrolysis
A
Clearing
B. subtilis
P. aeruginosa
11
Q
Negative result for casein hydrolysis
A
No clearing
E. coli
12
Q
An incomplete protein, lacking the essential amino acid tryptophan
A
Gelatin
13
Q
Produced by hydrolysis of collagen
A
Gelatin hydrolysis
14
Q
Major component of connective tissue and tendons in humans and other animals
A
Collagen
15
Q
Temperature in which gelatin is solid
A
< 25C
16
Q
Temperature in which gelatin is liquid
A
> 25C
17
Q
Process in which microorganisms produce gelatinase that hydrolyze gelatin
A
Liquefaction
18
Q
Positive result for gelatin hydrolysis
A
Partial or total liquefaction at 4C
B. subtilis
19
Q
Negative result for gelain hydrolysis
A
Solid at 4C
E. coli
20
Q
Determine the ability of mcgs to degrade and ferment carbs with the production of acid and gas
A
Carbohydrate Fermentation
21
Q
A typical carbohydrates fermentation medium contains:
A
Nutrient Broth
Specific Carbohydrate
pH indicator (phenol red)
22
Q
Acid only
A
S. aureus
23
Q
Acid and gas
A
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
24
Q
To determine whether a gram negative bacilli ferments glucose and lactose or sucrose and forma hydrogen sulfude (H2S)
A
Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar Test
25
To differentiate members of the Enterobacteriaceae family from other gram-negative rods
Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar Test
26
Percentage of lactose and sucrose
1%
27
Percentage of glucose
0.1%
28
pH indicator used
Phenol Red
29
Detects the production of hydrogen sulfide and is indicated by the black color in the butt of the tube
Sodium thiosulfate
| Ferrous ammonium
30
Produced resulting to the rise of pH
Alkaline products
31
Production of alkaline products results to
Deep red color
32
Acid slant/butt without gas and H2S production
S. aureus
33
Acid slant/butt with gas and without H2S production
E. coli
| Kleibsiella
34
Alkaline slant / Acid butt with gas and without H2S production
Salmonella paratyphi A
35
Alkaline slant / Acid butt without gas and H2S production
Pseudomonas sp.
36
Alkaline slant / Acid butt with H2S production
Salmonella typhi
37
Glucose fermentation only
| Peptone catabolized
Red/Yellow
38
Glucose and lactose and/or sucrose fermentation
Yellow/Yellow
39
No fermentation
| Peptine catabolized under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions
Red/Red
40
Glucose and lactose and/or sucrose fermentation
| Gas produced
Yellow/Yellow with bubbles
41
Glucose fermentation only
| Gas produced
Red/Yellow with bubbles
42
Glucose fermentation only
Gas produced
H2S produced
Red/Yellow with bubbles and black precipitate
43
Glucose and lactose and/or sucrose fermentation
Gas produced
H2S produced
Yellow/Yellow with bubbles and black precipitate
44
Glucose fermentation only
| H2S produced
Red/Yellow with black precipitate
45
Glucose and lactose and/or sucrose fermentation
| H2S produced
Yellow/Yellow with black precipitate
46
Used to differentiate principal groups of Enerobacteriaceae
IMViC Test
47
Short, gram-negative, non-spore forming bacilli
Enterobacteriaceae
48
Included under Enterobacteriaceae
Pathogens
Occasional pathogens
Normal intestinal flora
49
Pathogens
Members of the genera Salmonella and Shigella
50
Occasional pathogens
Members of the genera Proteus and Kleibsiella
51
Normal intestinal flora
Escherichia and Enterobacter
52
Meaning of IMViC Test
Indole
Methyl Red
Voges-Proskauer
Citrate Utilization
53
To determine the ability of the mcgs to decompose the amino acid tryptophan and indole
Indole Production
54
For determination of hydrogen sulphide production, indole formation, and motility of enteric bacilli from clinical and non-clinical samples
SIM Medium
55
Added to detect indole
Kovac's Reagent
56
Positive indole production
Red color
E. coli
Proteus vulgaris
57
Negative indole production
No color change
Klebsiella sp.
Proteus mirabilis
58
To determine the ability of mcgs to oxidize glucose with the production and stabilization of high concentrations of acid end products
Methyl Red Test
59
Detects presence of large concentrations of acid end products (mixed acids)
pH indicator methyl red
60
pH with red color result and positive
pH < 4.4
61
Still indicating the presence of acid but with a lower H+ concentration
Yellow color and negative
pH > 6.2
62
Postive for methyl red test
E. coli
Proteus sp.
Salmonella sp.
63
Negative for methyl red test
Klebsiella
| Enterobacter sp.
64
To determine the ability of many mcgs to produce acetoin during fermentation of glucose
Voges-Proskauer Test
65
Medium used
MR-VP broth
66
A mixture of alcoholic alpha-naphthol and 40% potassium hydroxide solution
Barritt's reagents A and B
67
Positive for VP Test
Deep rose coloration
Klebsiella sp.
Enterobacter
68
Negative for VP Test
Absence of rose coloration
E. coli
Proteus sp.
69
To determine ability of mcgs to utilize citrate as the sole source of carbon and energy source for growth and ammonium sulfate as a sole source of nitrogen
Citrate Utilization Test
70
Medium used for citrate utilization test
Simmons citrate agar
71
Simmons citrate agar is composed of
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
Sodium citrate
Bromothymol blue (pH indicator)
72
Poitive for citrate utilization test
Blue color (when alkaline at pH 7.6 and above)
73
Negative for citrate utilization test
Green color (when acidic at pH 6.8 and below)
74
To determine the ability of mcgs to produce hydrogen sulfide from sulfur-containing amino acids or inorganic sulfur compounds
Hydrogen Sulfide Test
75
To determine mobility of mcgs in SIM agar
Hydrogen Sulfide Test
76
SIM medium composition
Peptone and sodium thiosulfate
| Ferrous ammonium sulfate
77
Positive result for hydorgen sulfide test
With black precipitate
| Salmonella
78
Negative result for hydrogen sulfide test
No black precipitate
| E. coli
79
To determine the ability of mcgs to degrade urea by means of the enzyme urease
Urease Test
80
Non-lactose fermenting enteric bacteria
Proteus vulgaris
81
Helpful in indentifying Proteus vulgaris
Urease Test
82
Medium for urease test
Urea broth
83
Indicator for urease test
Phenol red
84
Positive for urease test
Deep pink color (presence of urease)
85
Negative for urease test
No color change
86
To determine if an organism is capable of reducing nitrate to nitrite
Nitrate reduction test
87
Semisolid to limit diffusion of oxygen into the medium creating an anaerobic environment
Nitrate broth medium
88
Reduction of nitrate is determined by addition of two reagents:
Sulfanilic acid
| Beta-alpha-naphthylamine
89
Culture not producing a color change in nitrate reduction test suggests two possibilities
Nitrates were not reduced by the organism
| The organism has a strong nitrate reductase enzyme that nitrate were completely reduced to ammonia
90
Added to reduce nitrate to nitrite
Zinc
91
Upon addition of Zn, this verifies that nitrates were not reduced to nitrites
Red color result
92
Upon addition of Zn, this indicates that nitrates in the medium were then completely reduced.
No color change
93
Enzyme that clots blood plasma
| A virulence factor of S. aureus
Coagulase
94
Performed in gram positive, catalase positive species to identify the coagulase positive S. aureus
Coagulase Test
95
Differentiates S. aureus from other coagulase negative Staphylococcus species
Coagulase Test
96
Medium for fastidious organism and to differentiate bacteria based on their hemolytic properties
Blood Agar
97
Used for the isolation and cultivation of Streptococcus, Neisseria, etc.
Blood Agar Test
98
Breakdown of red blood cells
Hemolysis
99
A substance that causes hemolysis
Hemolysin
100
Three types of hemolysis
Alpha-hemolysis
Beta-hemolysis
Gamma-hemolysis
101
Associated with complete lysis of red cells surrounding the colony
Caused by two hemolysins
Beta-hemolsysis
102
Examples of beta-hemolysis
Streptococcus pyogenes
103
A partial or green hemolysis assoiciated with reduction or red cell hemoglobin
Alpha-hemolysis
104
Exmaple of alpha-hemolysis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
105
Colonies show neither typical alpha nor beta haemolysis
| Usually not pathogenic
Gamma-hemolytic Streptococci
106
Identification of unknown bacteria using PCR
Fast and easy
e.g. 3M molecular detection system
Molecular Detection
