0
Q
What base is length configured to?
A
Base 102
1
Q
1000 millimetres = how many m?
A
1
2
Q
1m = how many mm?
A
1000
3
Q
1 km = how many m?
A
1000
4
Q
1000m = how many km?
A
1
5
Q
Any unit with the word kilo in front is equivalent to how many units?
A
1000
6
Q
What is the difference between mass and weight?
A
Mass is how much of something you have whereas weight measures the force of gravity upon an object
7
Q
Why is it sometimes hard to tell the difference between mass and weight in chemistry?
A
Most equations are done on the earth
8
Q
What is volume?
A
Volume measures how much space something takes up
9
Q
What is volume usually measures in?
A
Litres
10
Q
1mm is the same as what?
A
1 cubic cm
11
Q
What is density?
A
Density is a combination of mass and volume and it measures how tightly packed the particles of an object are
12
Q
What is density a combination of?
A
Mass and volume
13
Q
How is density calculated?
A
Calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume
14
Q
What is density’s unit?
A
Whatever unit you used for mass divided by the unit you used for volume
15
Q
What is the density of water?
A
1g/ cubic cm
16
Q
What is the freezing point of water?
A
0 degrees Celsius
17
Q
What is the boiling point of water?
A
100 degrees Celsius
18
Q
What is the charge of a proton?
A
+1
19
Q
What is the mass of a proton?
A
1
20
Q
What is the charge of a neutron?
A
0
21
Q
What is the mass of a neutron?
A
1
22
Q
What is the charge of an electron?
A
-1
23
Q
What is the mass of an electron?
A
1/1870th of a protons mass
24
Where are electrons found?
Orbiting the nucleus
25
Where are protons found?
In the nucleus
26
Where are neutrons found?
In the nucleus
27
Protons and neutrons are collectively known as?
Nucleons
28
The "mass number" is represented by what letter?
A
29
What is the mass number?
The number of protons and neutrons (nucleons)
30
What letter represents the "atomic number"?
Z
31
What is the "atomic number"?
The number of protons
32
Where do you write the mass number?
Top left
33
Where do you write the atomic number?
Bottom left
34
What is the symbol for Beryllium?
Be
35
The number of protons and electrons in an atom are?
Equal
36
What word does the "aim" always begin with?
To
37
What colour is copper?
Pinky brown, never call it bronze
38
Is copper a conductor?
Yes
39
Is magnesium a conductor?
Yes
40
Is iron a conductor?
Yes
41
What group is magnesium in?
Group II, alkaline earth metals
42
What kind of metal is iron?
A transition metal
43
What kind of metal is copper?
A transition metal
44
What is an electron configuration?
When you write down the electrons as they would be found in each of the shells. Eg: Ca (calcium) 2,8,8,2
45
How many electrons in each shell?
There can be 2 in the first shell 8 in the rest
46
What decides the chemical properties of an element?
The arrangement of electrons in their shells
47
How many groups are there?
VIII
48
How many electrons are there in each groups outer shell
The group number is equal to the number of electrons in the outer shell. Helium is the only exception
49
What are horizontal rows in the PT called?
Periods
50
How many periods are there in the PT
7
51
What does the period number mean?
Period number = number of shells
| Eg: magnesium in period 3 has electrons in 3 shells (2,8,2)
52
What is the aim of every element?
THE AIM OF EVERY ELEMENT IS TO GET A COMPLETE OUTER SHELL OF ELECTRONS
53
How does position effect reactivity
Easier to lose electrons the further away from the nucleus the electrons are
The more shells there are the easier it is to lose an electron
The less shells the easier it is to gain an electron
Reactions occur when trying to gain or lose an electron
54
When is it easiest to lose an electron?
When it is a big atom with multiple shells as this means the pull from the nucleus is less the further put the exchange is trying to take place
55
When is it easiest to gain an electron?
When the exchange is taking place on a smaller atom with less shells as this way the nucleus can help the whole affair occur due to it's tremendous pull
56
When do reactions occur?
When an atom is trying to gain or lose an electron
57
Which is more reactive sodium (Na) or Lithium (Li)
Sodium
For lithium to have a complete outer shell it would either have to lose 1 electron or gain 7, both these options are hard as Li only has 2 shells so the one electron in the second shell is close to the nucleus making the attraction strong. As for the second option 7 electrons is a lot of electrons to gain...
It is much easier for Na to lose and electron to get a complete outer shell as it has 3 shells
58
Why is it hard to lose an electron with less shells?
The closer the electrons are to the nucleus the more they are attracted, and the stronger they are bound
59
Which has more reactivity sodium (Na) or K (potassium)
K, potassium as it is a bigger atom
60
Down the periods in groups 1-3 what happens?
It becomes easier to lose electrons due to the atoms being bigger and the distance from the outer shell to the nucleus being greater. The further down the groups you go vertically the more reactive the elements get
61
What is different about the RHS of the PT?
```
Group VII (including helium) all have achieved their aim of having a complete outer shell
They are known as Nobel gasses and are unreactive
```
62
What is reactivity like in group V, Vi, and VII?
The smaller the atom the more reactively. This is because they are more than halfway to a full outer shell and so want to gain the last few. It is easier to gain electrons the less shells the atom have due to the attraction generated by the nucleus
63
What are ionic bonds?
Ionic bonds are when an atom gains or loses an electron to get a complete outer shell, the atom is then known as an ION
64
How do you know if it is a anion or a cation?
Eg: sodium, an Na atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons, each proton has positive 1 charge and each electron has negative 1 charge. In an atom the nu bee if protons and electrons is equal and therefore cancel out. A sodium ion however had to give away one of electron to have a complete outer shell therefore the equations is now 11 protons and 10 electrons making the total charge positive 1
65
What is a positively charged ion called?
A "cation"
66
What is a Cation?
A positively charged Ion
67
What is the chemical symbol for water
H20
68
Ammonium is?
NH4+
69
What is Lead Ion?
Pb2+
70
What is Pb2+
Lead Ion
71
What is Fe2+
Iron Ion
72
What is Iron (II) Ion?
Fe2+
73
What is Copper (II) Ion?
Cu2+
74
What is Cu2+
Copper (II) Ion
75
What is Ca2+
Calcium Ion
76
Calcium Ion is?
Ca2+
77
What is Ba2+
Barium Ion
78
Barium Ion is?
Ba2+
79
What is Na+
Sodium Ion
80
Sodium Ion is?
Na+
81
What is Ag+
Silver Ion
82
Silver Ion is?
Ag+
83
What is K+
Potassium Ion
84
Potassium Ion is?
K+
85
Lithium Ion is?
Li+
86
What is Li+
Lithium Ion
87
What is H+
Hydrogen Ion
88
Hydrogen Ion is?
H+
89
Magnesium Ion is?
Mg2+
90
What is Mg2+
Magnesium Ion
91
Zinc Ion is?
Zn2+
92
What is NH4+
Ammonium Ion
93
What is Zn2+
Zinc Ion
94
What is Al3+
Aluminium Ion
95
Aluminium Ion is?
Al3+
96
Chromium ion is?
Cr3+
97
What is Cr3+
Chromium ion
98
Iron (III) Ion is?
Fe3+
99
What is Fe3+
Iron (III) Ion
100
Bromide Ion is?
Br-
101
What is Br-
Bromide Ion
102
Chloride Ion is?
Cl-
103
What is Cl-
Chloride Ion
104
Fluoride ion is?
F-
105
What is F-
Fluoride ion
106
Hydrogen carbonate is?
HCO3-
107
What is HCO3-
Hydrogen Carbonate
108
Hydrogen sulfate is?
HSO4-
109
What is HSO4-
Hydrogen Sulfate
110
Hydroxide is?
OH-
111
What is OH-
Hydroxide
112
Iodide is?
I-
113
I-
Iodide
114
Nitrate is?
NO3-
115
Carbonate is?
CO32-
116
What is CO32-
Carbonate
117
Oxide is?
O2-
118
What is O2-
Oxide
119
Sulfate is?
SO42-
120
What is SO42-
Sulfate
121
Sulfite is?
SO32-
122
What is SO32-
Sulfite
123
Sulfide is?
S2-
124
What is S2-
Sulfide
125
What is Nitride?
N3-
126
What is N3-
Nitride
127
Phosphate is?
PO43-
128
What is PO43-
Phosphate
129
Hydrochloric acid is?
HCl
130
What is HCl
Hydrochloric Acid
131
What salt does HCl turn into?
Chlorides • Cl-
132
What is Sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
133
What is H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
134
What does H2SO4 turn into?
Sulfates • SO42-
135
Nitric acid is?
HNO3
136
What is HNO3
Nitric acid
137
HNO3 turns into?
Nitrates • NO3-
138
Phosphoric acid is?
H3PO4
139
H3PO4 turns into?
Phosphates • PO43-
140
Acid + Metal =?
Salt + Hydrogen
141
Acid + Alkali =?
Salt + Water
142
What is Alkali?
A basic ionic salt of an alkali metal/alkaline earth metal
143
What is a Valency?
The change possessed by an ion is called a valency e.g. The valency of a sodium ion is +1 and the valency of an oxygen ion is -2
144
What are Radicals?
Groups of atoms that are chemically bound and carry a net charge
145
Acids always have...?
Hydrogen! but not everything with hydrogen is an acid...
146
Acid + Metal Carbonate = ?
Salt + Carbon Dioxide + water
147
Covalent bonds are?
When two non-metals form a bond. They all want to gain electrons so they have to SHARE electrons
Chemistry
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