export_endo para

Question 1

What are the general features of nematodes?

Answer 1

Round worms
outer cuticle
M+F
para or free living
Anal orific
buccal cav
GI coelom

Question 2

2 main types of nematodes are

Answer 2

small (cyatho) and large strongyles

Question 3

Desc the Life cycle of F. hepatica

Answer 3

Indirect
intermediate host - galba truncatula
Eggs in faeces
Hatch to miracidium ––> snail
In snail replicate ––> cercaridae
cercaridae in pasture –––> metacercaridae
Metacercardiae eaten
haemhorragic tracts to liver
Mature in bile ducts

Question 4

Tx fasciola

Answer 4

Triclabendazole (all stages~)
AR developing
Test only show adults stages (ELISA, FEC)

Question 5

Desc the lifecycle of Cyathostomin (small red worms)

Answer 5

direct l–cycle
non–migratory (unlike L strongyles!)
eggs --> poo and hatch (L1-EL3 and iL3)
long tail to wrap around grass
EL3 or iL3 get eaten (can hypobiose)
burrow into gut mucosa --> L4
L5 in colon lumen lay eggs (=adults)

Question 6

L Strongylus spp

Answer 6

Indirect lifecycle
migratory
iL3

Question 7

desc properties of Toxoplasma Gondii

Answer 7

intracellular
apicomplexan
def host – cats
intermediate host – anything warm
sheep – white lesion on cotyledons
Toxovax

Question 8

what is hypobiosis

Answer 8

cyathostomins stop development in gut mucosa until more favourable conditions occur. (EL3 and iL3). over winter.

Question 9

Why can L3 cyathostomins survive poor conditions

Answer 9

ensheathed so wont dehydrate. will survive if no frost

Question 10

when is peak cyathos shedding

Answer 10

august

Question 11

what are the general features of trematodes

Answer 11

indirect
need intermediate host
no body cavity
hermaphrodite
only oral sucker

Question 12

how can you tell difference between S. vulgaris and S. equinus

Answer 12

S. vulgaris = buccal teeth (mickey mouse)

S equinus = non

Question 13

what are clinical sign of cyathostominosis and when is it normally seen?

Answer 13

!early spring!
kg loss
larvae in poo
colic
d++
oedema
collapse

Question 14

how can you prevent cyathostomins?

Answer 14

rotate, strip graze, sheep alt
older horses more resist-put on dodgey pasture
correct use of antihelmintics

Question 15

what tx are avail for cyathostomins

Answer 15

IVM = adult
MOX = mucosal stages

Question 16

what is the best flukicidal?

Answer 16

triclabendazole

active against all stages in host

Question 17

how can adult fluke stay in bile duct

Answer 17

spikes - irritate

Question 18

what colour of fasciola eggs

Answer 18

yellow - bilirubin bile salt

Question 19

how are circariae adapted for life outside of snail and out of water

Answer 19

cuticle. can also overwinter (wo frost)

Question 20

whats the difference between cicraraie and metercercariae?

Answer 20

calcium coat to stick to grass

Question 21

what are thre 3 types of fasciolosis?

Answer 21

acute - juveniles, ingested rapidly, warm and wet conditions
subacute - both
chronic - adults ingested over longer period, cold and dry conditions so lower numbers

Question 22

what is the clinical signs of fascioliss?

Answer 22

kg loss
weak
abdo pain
death (acute)
anaemia
oedema (chronic)

Question 23

how can fasciola numbers be controlled

Answer 23

avoid wet pastures at vital times (eg when snail pop in high in summer, winter is fine!) if wet and warm - def avoid!
quarentine new stock
drain fields

Question 24

describe the lifecycle of toxoplasma

Answer 24

prey have bradyzoites in brain and muscle
cat eats
brady –> oocyst in cat gut
shed in poo - then sporolates
infest intermediate host (prey, us etc..)
sporolated oocysts infect mphages and travel in body
in gut –> mature to tachyzoites
tachy asexuallt replicate –> bradyzoites and form cysts in neuro/muscle tissue