What is qualitative analysis?
How much of a particular substance is present
What is quantitative analysis?
How much of someone is present
What is the test for metal hydroxide ions?
Add Sodium Hydroxide
The colour of each precipitate after sodium hydroxide added: Calcium Copper Aluminium Iron 2 Iron 3
Calcium: white Copper: blue Aluminium: white but goes back Iron 2: green Iron 3: brown
Test for halides
Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate
Results of the halide test
Chloride
Bromide
Iodide
Chloride: white ppt
Bromide: cream ppt
Iodide: yellow ppt
What is the equation to find mass of grams
No. of moles x formula mass
What is the equation of Mass Concentration g/dm3
Mass / volume dm3
How do you know if water is hard
It will not lather with soap
What is hard water caused by
Calcium and magnesium ions
How can you remove temporary hardness?
Boiling
How can you remove hardness
Ion exchange resin
The equation for concentration
Moles / volume
How do you make a soluble salt
Reacting an acid with an insoluble base
Sodium, potassium, ammonium hydroxides
What is electrolysis
Using electricity to decompose compounds
What happens at the anode and cathode
Electrons take away at anode
Gained at cathode
What is made during the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
Chlorine at anode
Sodium at cathode
Results of electrolysis of lead bromide
Bromine at anode
Lead at cathode
What are the electrodes when copper is used
Anode is big lump of impure
Cathode is thin and pure
What are the electrodes in electroplating
Anode- bar of metal
Cathode- object being electroplated
What is Avogadro’s law
One mole of any gas occupies 24dm3
What is the equation for volume of gas
Mass of gas / Mr or gas x 24
What is a reversible reaction
Products of reaction can react to produce the original reactants
What is a dynamic equilibrium
Reactions are still taking place in both directions
What happens if you raise or lower the temperature in a reversible reaction
Raise: favour endothermic to use up heat
Lower: favour exothermic to give out heat
What happens if you raise or lower the pressure in a reversible reaction
Raise: favour reaction which produces less volume
Lower: favour reaction which produces more volume
What is the equation to make ammonia in the haber process
N2 + 3H2 ~ 2NH3
What is the ideal pressure and temperature for the haber process
200 atmospheres
450 c