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BDS4 Exam Revision > Extra Histology/Pathology > Flashcards

Extra Histology/Pathology Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

what is a fibrous epulis

A

pedunculated mass which may be ulcerated

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2
Q

what is histology of fibrous epulis

A

ulceration
granulation tissue
metaplastic bone formation

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3
Q

name a type of vascular epulides

A

pyogenic granuloma

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4
Q

what does histology of pyogenic granulomas show

A

vascular proliferation
oedematous cellular fibrous stroma

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5
Q

what is a peripheral giant cell lesion

A

pedunculated swelling which is dark red and ulcerated and often arises in interdental area with swellings on both buccal and lingual surfaces

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6
Q

what does a peripheral giant cell lesion show on histology

A

multi-nucleated osteoclast-like giant cells lying in a richly vascular and cellular stroma
fused macrophages make up the giant cells

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7
Q

what are peripheral giant cell lesions caused by

A

unphagocytosable material

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8
Q

what is a fibroepithelial polyp

A

firm, pink, painless, pedunculated swelling

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9
Q

what is a fibroepithelial polyp like on histology

A

dense
avascular
acellular fibrous tissue which resembles a scar with thick interlacing bundles of collagen

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10
Q

what is papillary hyperplasia

A

minor denture trauma with chronic candidiasis
pebbled palate

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11
Q

what is the histology of papillary hyperplasia

A

papillary projections with a core of hyperplastic, chronically inflamed granulation tissue
pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia
proliferation and branching of rete ridges into underlying connective tissue

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12
Q

what does drug induced fibrous overgrowth look like on histology

A

collagen fibres
chronic inflammatory cell infiltration
hyperplastic epithelium and long rete ridges

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13
Q

what are haemangiomas

A

tumours (hamartoma)

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14
Q

what is sturge weber syndrome

A

congenital disorder with combination of haemangiomatous lesions of the face over one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve with convulsions affecting limbs on opposite side of body

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15
Q

treatment for chronic hyperplastic candidosis

A

systemic fluconazole once daily 14 days

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16
Q

what type of leukoplakia has the highest malignant transformation

A

proliferative verrucous leukoplakia

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17
Q

what are the hallmarks of cancer

A

self sufficiency in growth signals
evading apoptosis
insensitivity to anti-growth signals
sustained angiogenesis
limitless replicative potential
tissue invasion and metastasis

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18
Q

what is histology of pleomorphic adenoma

A

duct epithelium
myoepithelial cells, myxoid and chondroid areas

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19
Q

what is the capsule like with pleomorphic adenoma

A

variable and may/may not be complete

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20
Q

what is histology of warthins tumour

A

cystic, distinctive epithelium and lymphoid tissue

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21
Q

2 types of malignant salivary carcinomas

A

adenoid cystic carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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22
Q

what is a cyst

A

pathological cavity having fluid, semi-fluid or gaseous contents and which is not created by the accumulation of pus

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23
Q

what are the characteristic signs of a cyst

A

mobility
numbness
increasing in size
discolouration
loss of vitality
swelling
absence of tooth
egg shell crackling

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24
Q

what radiographs would be taken for a cyst

A

PA
occlusal
OPT
then CBCT, PA mandible and occipitomental

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25
where do odontogenic cysts occur
tooth bearing areas
26
what lines odontogenic cysts
epithelium
27
what are the sources of epithelium for odontogenic cysts
rests of malassez rests of seres reduced enamel epithelium
28
most common cysts
radicular cyst = 60% dentigerous cyst = 18% OKC = 12%
29
what type of cyst is a radicular cyst
inflammatory odontogenic
30
cause of radicular cyst
non-vital tooth and chronic inflammation and pulp necrosis
31
where are radicular cysts more common
maxilla
32
radiological appearance of radicular cysts
well defined corticated margins continuous with the lamina dura of a non-vital tooth can displace structures and cause external root resorption
33
histology of radicular cysts including cells
epithelial lined with connective tissue capsule inside which is filled with inflammatory infiltrate cells include mucous metaplasia, rushton bodies, cholesterol clefts
34
what are inflammatory collateral cysts and what are the 2 types
inflammatory odontogenic cysts associated with vital tooth paradental cyst and buccal bifurcation cyst
35
what type of cysts are dentigerous cysts
developmental odontogenic
36
what are dentigerous cysts associated with
crown of unerupted tooth due to cystic change of the dental follicle
37
where are dentigerous cysts more commonly seen
mandible in males
38
radiological appearance of dentigerous cyst
corticated margins attached to CEJ and are symmetrical displace tooth and cortical bone
39
histology of dentigerous cyst
thin non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium with fibrous connective tissue capsule but no inflammation
40
what type of cyst is an odontogenic keratocyst
developmental odontogenic
41
where is OKC normally seen
mandible of males
42
radiological appearance of OKC
scalloped margins may be multilocular displacement of adjacent teeth grows mesio-distally
43
what is in a cyst aspirate biopsy of an OKC
low soluble protein content squames
44
histology of an OKC
thinly lined epithelial wall palisading cells in basal cell layer parakeratosis daughter/satellite cysts no rete pegs - easily separated
45
characteristics of basal cell naevus syndrom
multiple OKC multiple basal cell carcinomas frontal and temporoparietal bossing palmar and plantar pitting calcification of intracranial dura mater
46
what type of cyst is a nasopalatine duct cyst
non-odontogenic
47
signs of nasopalatine duct cyst
salty discharge displace teeth or cause swellings
48
histology of nasoplatine duct cyst
variable lining with either stratified squamous of pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells connective tissue capsule prominent neurovascular bundles, mucous glands and inflammatory infiltrate
49
radiological appearance of nasopalatine duct cyst
corticated margins between roots of centrals, unilocular and heart shaped
50
advantages of enucleation
get whole lining primary closure not much aftercare
51
disadvantages of enucleation
risk of mandibular fracture old age clot cavity can get infected incomplete removal means recurrence damages structure
52
advantages of marsupialisation
not damages structures harder to access elderly prevent jaw fracture
53
disadvantages of marsupialisation
dont get the lining opening can close cyst reforms hard to keep clean takes a long time to heal obturator needed to keep window open
54
types of tissues that odontogenic tumours can form from
epithelial mesenchymal mixed
55
type of tumour that ameloblastoma is
benign epithelial tumour
56
radiological appearance of ameloblastoma
multicystic well defined corticated margins potentially scalloped thick curved septa = soap bubble displacement, thinning of bony cortices, knife edge external root resorption
57
histological types of ameloblastoma
plexiform or follicular
58
histology of follicular ameloblastoma
discrete rounded islands consisting of loosely connected angular cells resembling the stellate reticulum surrounded by columnar/cuboidal cells resembling ameloblasts cystic change and squamous metaplasia in stellate reticulum fibrous tissue between cyst islands
59
histology of plexiform ameloblastoma
tangled pattern made of the same ameloblast and stellate reticulum like cells and forming irregular masses
60
management of ameloblastoma
surgical resection with margin
61
malignant risk of ameloblastoma
<1% to ameloblastic carcinoma
62
type of tumour that adenomatoid odontogenic tumour is
benign epithelial tumour
63
radiographic appearance of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
unilocular radiolucency with internal calcifications around crown of unerupted maxillary canine attached apical to the CEJ
64
histology of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
well encapsulated columnar cells forming duct or tubule like structures patchy calcification
65
management of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
enucleated
66
where is calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour usually situated
posterior mandible with unerupted tooth
67
radiographic appearance of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour
internal radiopacities
68
histology of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour
amyloid like material within epithelial sheets
69
type of tumour that odontogenic myxoma is
benign mesenchymal tumour
70
radiographic appearance of odontogenic myxoma
well defined thin corticated margins multilocular with soap bubble appearance (tennis racket) mesio-distally and scallops between teeth
71
histology of odontogenic myxoma
stellate fibroblast like cells separated by connective tissue (myxoid tissue) no capsule
72
type of tumour that an odontoma is
benign mixed tumour made of malformed dental tissue
73
types of odontoma
compound complex
74
what leukoplakias have higher chance of malignant change
chronic hyperplastic candidosis proliferated verrucous leukoplakia
75
histology of chronic hyperplastic leukoplakia
parakeratinised hyperplastic acanthotic cells separated by oedema and neutrophils hyphae invade parakeratin inflammatory cell infiltrate
76
what is the WHO classification 2005 for grading epithelial dysplasia
hyperplasia mild moderate severe carcinoma in situ
77
what is seen with basal hyperplasia (WHO)
increased basal cell numbers regular stratification basal compartment is larger no cellular atypia
78
what is seen with mild dysplasia (WHO)
architectural changes in lower third mild atypia - pleomorphism and hyperchromatism
79
what is seen with moderate dysplasia (WHO)
architectural changes in middle third moderate atypia
80
what is seen with severe dysplasia (WHO)
architectural disturbance in upper third sever atypia numerous mitoses which are abnormally high
81
what is seen with carcinoma in situ
full thickness abnormal architecture pronounced cytological atypia malignant but not invasive
82
what genes play a role in oncogenesis
Tp53 oncogenes tumour suppressor genes DNA repair genes
83
hallmarks of cancer
self sufficiency in growth signals evading apoptosis insensitive to anti-growth signals sustained angiogenesis tissue invasion and metastasis limitless replicative potential
84
how does cancer spread to bone
edentulous = gaps in cortex dentate = via PDL
85
what predicts nodal spread of cancer
involving small nerves at the advancing edge

BDS4 Exam Revision (6 decks)

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