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Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Palatine, lacrimal, and ethmoid bones (3)

A

Make up VERY thin medial wall of eye socket, lining ethmoid air sinus, and can be broken very easily

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2
Q

Maxilla bone

A

Bottom-middle portion of eye socket, sits on top of maxillary sinus, fracture can allow contents to fall into this sinus

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3
Q

5/7 Openings for Structures to Get to Eye

A 
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Supraorbital foramen
Inferior orbital fissure
Infraorbital groove, canal, and foramen
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4
Q

Optic Canal Location/2 Contents

A

Most superomedial
Optic n.
Ophthalmic a.

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5
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure Location/5 Conents

A

Large fissure just lateral to optic canal
Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI) n.s
Opthalmic division of Trigeminal (V1) n.
Venous drainage

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6
Q

Inferior Orbital Fissure Location

A

Teardrop shaped more inferior to superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

Infraorbital groove (3)

A

Groove coming down from inferior orbital fissure
Goes into canal and foramen
Maxillary division of trigeminal (V2) travels through it as infraorbital n. and comes out foramen onto cheek for subcutaneous innervation of cheek

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8
Q

Trauma to Orbit

A

Can blowout thin medial/inferior walls of optic cavity

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9
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Smooth serosa lining of interior eyelid and eye itself

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10
Q

Conjunctiva, palpebral portion

A

Smooth serosa on lining interior eyelid

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11
Q

Lacrimal caruncle

A

Little hill in middle of lacus lacrimalis

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12
Q

Lacus lacrimalis

A

Lake of fluid that connects at medial edge of eye

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13
Q

Lacrimal punctum and papillae

A

Drainage sites superior and inferior for lacus lacrimalis (punctum is little hole on papilla hill) to drain into nasal cavity

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14
Q

Plica semilunaris

A

Line at lateral edge of lacus lacrimalis

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15
Q

Orbital septum

A

DIRCT that holds eyelid to bony wall and surrounds eye

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16
Q

Medial and Lateral Palpebral Ligaments/Raphes

A

Hold edges of eyelids to bony wall

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17
Q

Tarsal plates

A

Cartilaginous plate in eyelid to give it a little bit of structure

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18
Q

3 Muscles of Eyelid

A

Palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi m.
Levator palpebrae superioris m.
Superior tarsal m.

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19
Q

Levator palebrae superioris m. (2)

A

lifts superior palpebrum (upper eyelid)

voluntary skeletal by Oculomotor n. (III)

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20
Q

Superior tarsal m.

A

Smooth muscle innervated by sympathetics

Lifts superior tarsal plate to open eyes more

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21
Q

Sclera (2)

A

White part of eye that’s really just continuation of dura mater

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22
Q

Iris (2)

A

Colored part of the eye that acts as diaphragm, expanding and contracting to allow more and less light in

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23
Q

Blood Supply to Eye from Internal Carotid

A

Via ophthalmic a. - first branch off internal carotid

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24
Q

Cornea (2)

A

Clear structure on outside of eye that allows light to get through
Avascular so easy to transplant

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25
4 External Eye Branches of Ophthalmic A.
Supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, and lacrimal a.s
26
Blood Supply to External Eye from External Carotid (4 branches)
Superficial temporal a. Transverse facial a. Infraorbital a. Facial a.s
27
Interal-External Carotid Anastomosis Around Eye
Superficial temporal a. (from ext) and supraorbital a. (from int)
28
Venous Drainage of Eyes (4)
Primarily ophthalmic v.s to cavernous sinus | Also facial, superficial temporal, and pterygoid plexus v.s
29
Motor Innervation of External Eye
Zygomatic branch of Facial n. (VII)
30
Sensory Innervation of External Eye (2)
Ophthalmic and Maxillary Branches of Trigeminal n.s (V1/2)
31
6 Eye Movement Muscles
``` Superior rectus m. Medial rectus m. Inferior rectus m. Lateral rectus m. Superior oblique m. Inferior oblique m. ```
32
Rectus m.s of Eye
4 "straight" muscles (sup/med/inf/lat). Just pull in direction they're coming from
33
2 Exceptions to Oculomotor n. (III) Innervation of Eye Movement Muscles
Lateral rectus m. - abducens n. VI | Superior oblique m. - trochlear n. IV
34
Purpose of Eye Oblique Muscles
Counteract the angled torque from rectus muscles
35
Superior oblique m.
Comes from medial side, then kind of goes around pulley and pulls eye from bottom, tilting pupil down
36
2 Muscles to Tilt Eye Down
Superior oblique m. and inferior rectus m.
37
Inferior Oblique m.
Arises from medial side of ant. aspect of orbit and wraps around, pulling pupil up and out
38
2 Muscles to Tilt Eye Up
Inferior oblique m. and superior rectus m.
39
Annulus Tendinious
Round ring that gives rise to all eye movement muscles except inferior oblique m.
40
7 Intraorbital Branches of Ophthalmic A.
``` Central retinal Ciliary Lacrimal Supraorbital Ethmoidal Dorsal nasal Supratrochlear ```
41
Central retinal a.
Runs in center of optic n. to supply retina
42
Ciliary a.s
Little arteries that run along optic n.
43
Lacrimal a.
Runs laterally from ophthalmic to lacrimal gland
44
Ethmoidal Branches
Go medially into ethmoid air cells (mucosal cells) inside nasal cavity
45
Dorsal nasal a.
Goes onto top of nose
46
Venous Drainage of Internal Eye (2)
Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins draining into cavernous sinus Nonvalvular - blood flow in either direction
47
2 M.s of Superior Division of Oculomotor n. (III)
levator palpebrae and superior rectus m.s
48
4 Components of Inferior Division of Oculomotor n. III (+ one point about one)
Medial and inferior rectus m.s Inferior oblique m.s (Autonomic, pregang parasymp fibers) Motor root to ciliary ganglion
49
Finding Trochlear Nerve (IV)
Easy because just goes straight to superior oblique m.
50
Finding Abducens Nerve (VI)
Easy because just supplies lateral rectus m.
51
3 Main Sensory Branches of Ophthalmic Div/Trigeminal n. (V1)
Lacrimal Frontal Nasociliary
52
2 Innervates of Lacrimal Branch of V1
Lacrimal gland and upper eyelid
53
2 Branches of Frontal Branch of V1
Supraorbital and supratrochlear n.s
54
4 Branches off Nasociliary Branch of V1
Sensory root to ciliary ganglion Long ciliary Ethmoidal Infratrochlear
55
Sensory root to ciliary ganglion
Goes to ciliary ganglion which gives off short ciliaries to bring back sensory innervation from eye (not vision, pain)
56
Long ciliary branches of V1
Bypass ciliary ganglion and go to globe to do sensory (not sight) innervation of eye
57
Ethmoidal branches of V1
Upper nasal sinus
58
Tip of Nose Innervation
V1
59
Proprioception of Voluntary Eye Motor Muscles (2)
Either by motor nerves or trigeminal n. (V)
60
Optic Nerve (II) Function
Transmits visual info to brain
61
Path of Sympathetic Fibers to Eye (8)
``` Intermediolaterall cell column of thoracic spinal cord Superior cervical ganglia (synapse) Common carotid plexus Internal carotid plexus Ophthalmic plexus Sympathetic Root of Ciliary Ganglion Ciliary ganglion (no synapse) Short ciliary n.s to eye ```
62
Dilator Pupillae m. Sympathetic Innervation
Bypass ciliary ganglion via long ciliary n. to dilate pupil
63
Clinical Consideration of Heart Sympathetics
They travel up to cervical ganglia and then back down, so lesions in neck can cause sympathetic cardiac problems
64
Path of Parasympathetic Fibers to Eye (5)
``` Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal in midbrain Oculomotor n. (III) Oculomotor root of ciliary ganglion Ciliary ganglion (synapse) Short ciliary n.s to eye ```
65
2 Parasympathetic Actions in Eye
Stimulate sphincter pupillae m.s to close eye | Ciliary m.s on deep aspect of iris which change relationship of lens to allow focusing
66
3 Pupil Eye Muscle Orientations
Dilator pupillae - longitudinal Sphincter pupillae - circular Ciliary m. - circular
67
2 Structures of Fibrous (Outer) Coat of Eye
Sclera | Cornea
68
3.2 Structures of Vascular (Middle) Coat of Eye
Iris w/ sphincter and dilator pupillae m.s Ciliary body Choroid
69
Ciliary body function IGNORE
Produces aqueous humor
70
Choroid IGNORE
Space containing vasculature and melanocytes for eye
71
4 Structures of Retinal (Inner) Coat of Eye IGNORE
Ora serrata Optic disc Macula lutea Fovea centralis
72
Ora serrata IGNORE
Serrated area at furthest anterior extension of retinal coat (about 2/3 of the way to anterior surface)
73
Optic disc IGNORE
Blind spot on back of retina where n. fibers and such come in
74
Macula lutea IGNORE
Yellow spot surrounding fovea centralis
75
Fovea centralis IGNORE
Area of highest visual sensitivity on back of retina
76
Suspensory ligaments of lens
Loosened when ciliary muscles contract allowing lens to round
77
Vitreous body IGNORE
Kind of big gelatinous space that holds lens anteriorly and retina posteriorly
78
Difference b/w long and short ciliary innervation to eyeball
Long n.s: primarily sensory | Short n.s: primarily autonomic
79
3 Aspects of Accomodation
Voluntary convergence of eyes Thickening of lens: parasympathetic from ciliary muscle contract, loosening suspensory ligaments, and lens rounding naturally Constriction of pupil: parasympathetic of sphincter pupillae m.
80
Lacrimal gland blood supply
Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic a.
81
Lacrimal gland sensory innervation
Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic div/trigem (V1)
82
Lacrimal gland autonoomic innervation (2)
Sympathetic reduces tearing | Parasympathetic increases
83
Passage of Tears Across Eye (2)
From lacrimal gland (upper lateral) to lower medial portion of eye. Blinking facilitates motion
84
Collection/Drainage of Tears (5)
``` Lacrimal punctum in each eye Lacrimal canaliculi Lacrimal sac - lacrimal portion of orbicularis oculi m. Nasolacrimal duct Inferior meatus of nasal cavity ```
85
Sympathetic Innervation of Lacrimal Gland (8)
``` Internal carotid plexus Deep petrosal n. Nerve of pterygoid canal (Viridian n.) Pterygopalatine ganglion (no synapse) Zygomatic branch of max div of trigeminal n. Communicating branch Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic div of trigem n. Smooth m.s of blood vessels of gland ```
86
Parasympathetic Innervation of Lacrimal Gland (7)
``` Superior salivatory nuc Facial n. Greater petrosal n. Nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian n.) Pterygopalatine ganglion (synapse) Zygomatic branch of maxillary div of trigem n. Communicating branch Lacrimal branch of ophthalmic branch of trigem n. ```
87
Combined Autonomic Pathway of Lacrimal Gland (3)
Zygomatic branch of V2 Communicating branch Lacrimal branch of V1 into lacrimal gland
88
Glaucoma
Increase in pressure in fluid chamber
89
Cataracts
Lenses get cloudy, can replace w/ fake ones but won't have ability to round
90
Detachment of retina
Retina falling off, usually heals self

Anatomy (28 decks)

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