Eye and Ear

Question 1

Optic nerve from both eye merge at _____________ and becomes_________.

Answer 1

optic chiasm, optic tract

Question 2

Primary visual area in ______________of cerebral cortex

Answer 2

occipital lobes

Question 3

Rate limiting step for ophthalmic drops.

Answer 3

Cornea

Question 4

After light passes through the cornea, a portion of it passes through an opening known as

Answer 4

pupil

Question 5

Pupil opening can be adjusted by

Answer 5

dilation of the iris

Question 6

The lens is attached to the

Answer 6

ciliary muscles

Question 7

Ciliary gland: secrete______ humor

Answer 7

aqueous

Question 8

Which part of eye is Related to Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) conditions

Answer 8

Macula

Question 9

Myopia is

Answer 9

nearsightedness

Question 10

A diopter is a unit of measurement of the ____________

Answer 10

power of lens

Question 11

The total optical power of the relaxed eye is approximately _________ diopters

Answer 11

60

Question 12

Retina has 3 cell types. The Retina cell signaling occurs in the order: _____—–>_______—–>________—–>Optic nerve

Answer 12

photoreceptor —–>Bipolar cells—–>ganglionic cells—–>Optic nerve

Question 13

Its night and Dark—-> Depolarised photoreceptor release GLUTAMATE——> ++++Bipolar cell active—–>—–Inhibit ganglionic cells

Answer 13

Light cause photoreceptor to hyperpolarize—–>inhibits bipolar cells thus activate ganglion cell

Question 14

Light on the retina converts 11-cis retinal to

Answer 14

all 11-Trans retinal.

Question 15

Retinal,retinol/retinoic acid is another name for vitamin __

Answer 15

A

Question 16

________ is active form of vitamin A

Answer 16

Rhodopsin

Question 17

Precursor of vitamin A is?

Answer 17

Beta carotenoids.

Question 18

Zeaxanthine is carotene analog is present in?

Answer 18

macula in eye

Question 19

(TTT) Topical Tretinoin is Trans.

Trans means Isomer of 13-Trans retinoic acid

Answer 19

Oral isotretinoin is? Isomer of 13-Cis retinoic acid

Question 20

Another name for Nightblindness

Answer 20

nyctalopia

Question 21

Patient is using Accutane (isotretinoin) for acne. Wants to buy vitamin A supplements. What this pharmacist concern?

Answer 21

Toxicity is concern

Question 22

Normal range intraocular pressure or ocular hypertension

Answer 22

12 to 22 mm Hg

Question 23

There are 5 class of medications for treatment of Glaucoma

Answer 23

beta blockers
prostaglandin analogs
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
alpha2 agonist 
cholinergic agonist

Question 24

Increasing intra ocular pressure (IOP) cause glau-coma. This is due to

Answer 24

1) Increase aqueous humor production cause increase
IOP.
2) Decrease aqueous humor secretion/out flow from
shlemn canal.
The drugs act by either blocking the production(CA inhibitor,B blocker) or increasing the out flow(PG analogs) or both (alpha2 agonist).
However, Cholinergic agonist directly stimulate muscarinic receptors to CONTRACT CILIARY MUSCLE and increase trabecular outflow.

Question 25

The dry ARMD form is characterized by

Answer 25

drusen

Question 26

out of dry and wet ARMD, dangerous one is

Answer 26

wet form

Question 27

The _______________ is useful for detecting vision changes by patients.

Answer 27

Amsler grid or chart

Question 28

Which are two types of carotenoids analogs, which are yellow to red pigments found widely in vegetable

Answer 28

Lutein & Zexanthin

Question 29

Denaturing means

Answer 29

nature of the proteins change and gradually the lens loses its transparency thus starting to scatter light.

Question 30

corticosteroids and cataract

Answer 30

Long term use of corticosteroids can cause cataract and may progress even after stopping steroids

Question 31

Cataract surgery postoperative care :

Answer 31

1) Dilators and cycloplegic:Cyclopentolate, phenylephrine, tropicamide 2)Anti-inflammatory 3-4 wks:Dexamethasone, prednisolone, diclofenac, and ketorolac. 3)Antibiotics:Fluoroquinolones(-floxacin), Aminoglycosides (-mycin) Combination eye drops: Tobradex (tobramycin+ dexamethasone) ointment and suspension eye drops.

Question 32

________produces ear-wax

Answer 32

Ceremonious gland

Question 33

Two common problems associated with outer ear (Otitis externa)

Answer 33

swimmers’ ear and earwax builds up.

Question 34

Earwax is removed by

Answer 34

carbamide peroxide and mineral oil.

Question 35

__________is indicator of infection of ear bones or tympanic membrane.

Answer 35

Fluid Other indications are (fever, pain in ear, redness and swelling, drainage).

Question 36

The drug of choice for otitis media?

Answer 36

Amoxicillin azithromycin clarithromycin

Question 37

Which part of ear gets affected by ototoxic drug

Answer 37

Inner ear

Question 38

Drugs that cause ototoxicity’s:

Answer 38

Mnemonic: Don't Loop & SNAG MY PLATe CHRISTINE QUIN

Question 39

Ear wax When to refer to doctor?

Answer 39

Wax buildup with hearing loss, or with pain, foreign objects in ear canal

Question 40

Swimmers Ears: Refer to doctor if

Answer 40

Fever & severe pain and that are not diminished by OTC pain medications.

Question 41

Otitis media infection require referral to physician if

Answer 41

Otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane or drainage from the middle ear

Question 42

Meniere’s disease can cause

Answer 42

Inner ear conditions. | Meniere's disease is characterized as Vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus

Question 43

Instilling Ear drops: pull ear down and back for

Answer 43

infants and toddlers (older children are not included in this)

Question 44

Optic nerve composed of?

Answer 44

Retinal ganglionic and glial cells

Question 45

Drugs that ocular toxicities are

Answer 45

amiodarone - corneal deposits hydroxychloroquine - ocular toxicity ethambutol and isotretinoin - vision changes Rifampin - discoloration of contact lens.