f-ing exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

John Cabot reached newfoundland in

A

1500

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2
Q

Atlantic provinces: mining industries include

A

coal

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3
Q

economic upsurge in A. prov in 1880s due to

A

Sir John A. Macdonald’s National Policy

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4
Q

1900, cod exports provided following percentage of newfoundland’s total exports by value

A

80%

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5
Q

apple producing area in a. provs

A

Annapolis

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6
Q

federal transfers to A. prov (old age pension insure, EI, child allowances) in 1949 and 1956 was

A

13% of their income

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7
Q

1982, total federal transfers exceed total revenue in

A

PEI

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8
Q

outstanding example of a. provs taking advantage of modern tech is

A

New Brunswick

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9
Q

A provinces financial centre is

A

Halifax

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10
Q

Trawler

A

used for fishing in early 20th century

  • before trawlers, fishing done on traditonal whalers, dories, schooners
  • trawlers steam powered mechanized fishing industry
  • very effective, threatened livlihoods of those who fisherman who didnt have them
  • 1930, gov. ban on trawler fleet allowing schooners to continue longline trawls
  • new trawling boats (otter trawlers/medium sized trawlers still ran
  • foreign trawlers began showing up

=1960s/70s, fish stocks declined rapidly

-local fisherman hired to work on commercial fishing vessels, which payed less than when they could bring intheir own catch,

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11
Q

seal hunt

A

europeans and natives hunt seals forever

  • industrial era, seal hunt took commercail approach
  • 19th century, became large part of a. provs economy
  • sealing disasters in 20th century tailed back expansion
  • 21st century, seen as cruelty to animals, drop in demand for seal furs
  • seal hunting still important way of life and economic necessity for altlantic region
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12
Q

Inshore Cod Fishery

A

began as local industry taking place in coastal waters of atlantic region

  • larger offshore fishery of grand banks had foreign fishing boats
  • before 20th centuty, small boats
  • during 20th centruy–techonology allowed faster boats, more efficient nets. Fish stocks way down.

-1990s, cod fish stock disappeared, back bone of Atlantic provinces collapsed.

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13
Q

equalization grants

A

subsidized payments given by federal government to equalize “fiscal diparity”

  • began in 1957 to help foster economic expansion
  • 60s–low interest loans to farmers, assistance in industry, tourism, manufacturing in PEI, New Bruns, Quebec< MAnitoba
  • by 70s, over one billion dollars went to atlantic region, 1982 over two billion
  • payments didnt help much, out-migration continued
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14
Q

Outport

A

small, isolated communities in atlantic provinces

  • based largley on fishing
  • relocated after collapes of cod industry in 1990s
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15
Q

fishing industry coping with technology changes

A
  • began as commercial business
  • abundant cod drew european fisherman to the area
  • new outports and settlements arrived
  • fisherman caught and sold fish off their boats for hundreds of years
  • 20th century, new equipment and techonology
  • -fisherman could fish longer, catch more and faster, more profitable

-fishing trawlers arrived, more and more expensive to compete.

in one generation, fishing industry became heavily inustrialized and corporatized, large companies using super-trawlers to pull in massive hauls of fish.

  • super trawlers meant that fisherman could not own their boat and sell fish for their own profit, fisherman had to work on larger commericial super trawlers, wage labourers
  • foreign fleets and super trawlers over fished the area, collapsing the most vital and viable fish productions in only a matter of decades
  • government enacted legislation for limits on hauls too late, fishing industry collapsed, local economies left high and dry
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16
Q
  • prospects for oil, gas, hydro electric

- problems in marketing energy

A

oil and gas drilling done in Hibernia, White Rose, Terra Nova, Sable Island

  • Hibernia platform worlds largest
  • 1985 atlantic signed with fed. gov giving gov legal tite offshore oil and gas. Newfoundland given some control over exploitation and revenues

hydroelectric: potential on upper churchill river in labrador in 70s
- Quebec got Newf. to sell electricity to them below market for 65 years
- other projects–lower churchill project–muskrat falls and gull island
- interprovincial fights between Quebec and Newfoundland have put these projects on hold

17
Q

New Brunswick responded to changing business practices with new enterprises

what are they? why wil they succeed?

A
  • New Brunswish gateway to atlantic region
  • jobs errupting in high-tech communications, information, business free service centre.

-call centres

successful because of advanced telecommunications infrastructure and lots of bilingual workers, non-unionized, low wages

  • gov puts incentice for companies to place call centres there
  • limited growth in these jobs, corporations take advantage by paying low wages