f-ing exam 2 Flashcards
John Cabot reached newfoundland in
1500
Atlantic provinces: mining industries include
coal
economic upsurge in A. prov in 1880s due to
Sir John A. Macdonald’s National Policy
1900, cod exports provided following percentage of newfoundland’s total exports by value
80%
apple producing area in a. provs
Annapolis
federal transfers to A. prov (old age pension insure, EI, child allowances) in 1949 and 1956 was
13% of their income
1982, total federal transfers exceed total revenue in
PEI
outstanding example of a. provs taking advantage of modern tech is
New Brunswick
A provinces financial centre is
Halifax
Trawler
used for fishing in early 20th century
- before trawlers, fishing done on traditonal whalers, dories, schooners
- trawlers steam powered mechanized fishing industry
- very effective, threatened livlihoods of those who fisherman who didnt have them
- 1930, gov. ban on trawler fleet allowing schooners to continue longline trawls
- new trawling boats (otter trawlers/medium sized trawlers still ran
- foreign trawlers began showing up
=1960s/70s, fish stocks declined rapidly
-local fisherman hired to work on commercial fishing vessels, which payed less than when they could bring intheir own catch,
seal hunt
europeans and natives hunt seals forever
- industrial era, seal hunt took commercail approach
- 19th century, became large part of a. provs economy
- sealing disasters in 20th century tailed back expansion
- 21st century, seen as cruelty to animals, drop in demand for seal furs
- seal hunting still important way of life and economic necessity for altlantic region
Inshore Cod Fishery
began as local industry taking place in coastal waters of atlantic region
- larger offshore fishery of grand banks had foreign fishing boats
- before 20th centuty, small boats
- during 20th centruy–techonology allowed faster boats, more efficient nets. Fish stocks way down.
-1990s, cod fish stock disappeared, back bone of Atlantic provinces collapsed.
equalization grants
subsidized payments given by federal government to equalize “fiscal diparity”
- began in 1957 to help foster economic expansion
- 60s–low interest loans to farmers, assistance in industry, tourism, manufacturing in PEI, New Bruns, Quebec< MAnitoba
- by 70s, over one billion dollars went to atlantic region, 1982 over two billion
- payments didnt help much, out-migration continued
Outport
small, isolated communities in atlantic provinces
- based largley on fishing
- relocated after collapes of cod industry in 1990s
fishing industry coping with technology changes
- began as commercial business
- abundant cod drew european fisherman to the area
- new outports and settlements arrived
- fisherman caught and sold fish off their boats for hundreds of years
- 20th century, new equipment and techonology
- -fisherman could fish longer, catch more and faster, more profitable
-fishing trawlers arrived, more and more expensive to compete.
in one generation, fishing industry became heavily inustrialized and corporatized, large companies using super-trawlers to pull in massive hauls of fish.
- super trawlers meant that fisherman could not own their boat and sell fish for their own profit, fisherman had to work on larger commericial super trawlers, wage labourers
- foreign fleets and super trawlers over fished the area, collapsing the most vital and viable fish productions in only a matter of decades
- government enacted legislation for limits on hauls too late, fishing industry collapsed, local economies left high and dry