FA Bugs with Exotoxins I

Question 1

Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe LAD (bull neck)

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 2

ADP ribosylating A-B toxin

Answer 2

Diphtheria toxin OR exotoxin A (pseudomonas)

Question 3

What does the B component of the diphtheria toxin do?

Answer 3

(Binding) binds to host cell surface receptor, enabling endocytosis

Question 4

What does the A component of the diphtheria toxin do?

Answer 4

(Active) attaches ADP-riboxyl to disrupt host cell proteins

Question 5

What is the mechanism of diphtheria toxin?

Answer 5

Inactivate elongation factor (EF-2), thus inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 6

With what bug is exotoxin A associated?

Answer 6

Pseudomondas aeuruginosa

Question 7

What is the manifestation of exotoxin A action?

Answer 7

Host cell death

Question 8

What is the mechanism of exotoxin A?

Answer 8

Inactivate EF-2 –> inhibit protein synthesis

Question 9

What is the mechanism of Shiga toxin (ST)?

Answer 9

Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

Question 10

What does Shiga toxin do?

Answer 10

GI mucosal damage –> dysentery ST also enhances cytokine release, causing HUS

Question 11

With what bug is Shiga-like toxin (SLT) associated

Answer 11

EHEC (incl O157:H7)

Question 12

What is the mechanism of SLT?

Answer 12

Inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

Question 13

What toxins inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA?

Answer 13

Shiga and shiga-like toxins

Question 14

What does SLT do?

Answer 14

Enhances cytokine release, causing HUS; unlike shigella, SLT does NOT invade host cells

Question 15

What three bugs are associated with exotoxins that increase fluid secretion?

Answer 15

ETEC, bacillus anthracis, vibrio cholerae

Question 16

What four bugs are associated with exotoxins that inhibit protein synthesis?

Answer 16

Diphtheria, Pseudomonas, Shigella, EHEC

Question 17

What bug has a toxin that inhibits phagocytic ability?

Answer 17

Bordetella pertusis

Question 18

What bugs have exotoxins that inhibit release of neurotransmitter?

Answer 18

Clostridium tetani, clostridium botulinum

Question 19

What bugs have exotoxins that lyse cell membranes?

Answer 19

clostriudium perfringens,

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 20

What bugs have exotoxins that are super antigens causing shock?

Answer 20

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

Question 21

ETEC exotoxins

Answer 21

Heat-labile toxin (LT)

Heat-stabile toxin (ST)

Question 22

bacillus antracis exotoxin

Answer 22

Edema factor

Question 23

Vibrio cholerae exotoxin

Answer 23

cholera toxin

Question 24

Bordetella pertussis exotoxin that inhibits phagocytic ability

Answer 24

Pertussis toxin

Question 25

Clostridium tetani exotoxin that inhibits release of NT

Answer 25

Tetanospasmin

Question 26

Clostridium botulism exotoxin that inhibits release of NT

Answer 26

Botulinum toxin

Question 27

Clostridium perfringens exotoxin that lyses cell membranes

Answer 27

Alpha toxin

Question 28

Strep pyogenes exotoxin that lyses cell membranes

Answer 28

Streptolysin O

Question 29

Staph aureus exotoxin

Answer 29

TSST-1

Question 30

Strep pyogenes exotoxin that is a super antigen causing shock

Answer 30

Exotoxin A (the same one as Pseudomonas?!)