FA GI Embryology

Question 1

Foregut =

Answer 1

pharynx to duodenum

Question 2

Midgut =

Answer 2

duodenum to transverse colon

Question 3

Hindgut =

Answer 3

distal transverse colon to rectum

Question 4

Development defect of anterior abdominal wall due to failure of rostral fold closure

Answer 4

sternal defects

Question 5

Developmental defect of anterior abdominal wall due to failure of lateral fold closure

Answer 5

omphalocele, gastroschisis

Question 6

Developmental defect of anterior abdominal wall due to caudal fold closure

Answer 6

bladder exstrophy

Question 7

Sternal defects come from failure of

Answer 7

rostral fold closure

Question 8

Failure of what process causes omphalocele or gastroschisis

Answer 8

Lateral fold closure

Question 9

Failure causing bladder exstrophy

Answer 9

Caudal fold closure

Question 10

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds; not covered by peritoneum

Answer 10

Gastroschisis

Question 11

Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, covered by peritoneum

Answer 11

Omphalocele

Question 12

What do you call developmental failure to recanalize?

Answer 12

duodenal atresia

Question 13

with what genetic defect is duodenal atresia associated?

Answer 13

trisomy 21

Question 14

What causes jejunal, ileal, or colonic atresia?

Answer 14

Vascular accident (apple peel atresia)

Question 15

During what week of development does the midgut herniate through the umbilical ring?

Answer 15

6

Question 16

During what week of development does the midgut return to the abdominal cavity and rotate around the SMA?

Answer 16

10

Question 17

Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds; not covered by peritoneum

Answer 17

Gastroschisis

Question 18

Persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, covered by peritoneum

Answer 18

Omphalocele

Question 19

Drooling, choking, and vomiting with first feeding?

Answer 19

EA with TEF

Question 20

Clinical test for EA with TEF

Answer 20

failure to pass NG tube into stomach.

Question 21

How does air get into stomach in EA/TEF?

Answer 21

TEF

Question 22

why do babies with EA/THF become cyanotic

Answer 22

laryngospasm to avoid reflux-related aspiration

Question 23

Pure TEF =

Answer 23

H-type

Question 24

Pure EA =

Answer 24

atresia or stenosis

Question 25

Presentation on CXR of pure EA

Answer 25

gasless abdomen

Question 26

Palpable olive mass in epigastric region and non-bilious projectile vomiting at 2 weeks of age

Answer 26

Congenital pyloric stenosis

Question 27

What’s the problem in congenital pyloric stenosis?

Answer 27

Hypertrophy of the pylorus causes obstruction

Question 28

How do you treat congenital pyloric stenosis?

Answer 28

surgical incision

Question 29

in what population does congenital pyloric stenosis most often occur?

Answer 29

firstborn sons

Question 30

Pancreas is derived from what?

Answer 30

foregut

Question 31

Pancreatic head and main pancreatic duct are embryologically derived in part from

Answer 31

ventral pancreatic bud

Question 32

uncinate process is embryologically derived from

Answer 32

ventral bud

Question 33

body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct are embryologically derived from

Answer 33

dorsal bud

Question 34

Ventral pancreatic bud abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; forms a ring of pancreatic tissue that may cause duodenal narrowing

Answer 34

Annular pancreas

Question 35

Ventral and dorsal parts of pancreas fail to fuse at 8 weeks

Answer 35

Pancreas divisum

Question 36

Embryology of spleen

Answer 36

arises in mesentery of stomach (mesoderm) but is supplied by foregut