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SHB Exam 1 > Face > Flashcards

Face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the 2 sections that the bones of the skull can be divided into?

A

Neurocranium (TOPF, ethmoid, sphenoid) and viscerocranium (face)

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2
Q

What do all mm. of facial expression insert onto?

What is their common motor innervation?

A
  • The skin of the face

- Branches of the Facial n. (CN VII)

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3
Q

Frontal belly of frontalis m: I & A?

A
  • Temporal branches of facial n.

- Wrinkles forehead

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4
Q

Obicularis oculi m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n. (CN VII)

- Closes eyelids

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5
Q

Procerus m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Draws down medial angle of eyebrows, produces transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose and “frowns” forehead

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6
Q

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Elevates upper lip and dilates nostril, raises angle of mouth, elevates upper lip laterally

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7
Q

Nasalis m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Draws ala of nose toward septum. Opens and closes nostrils , particularly in forced respiration

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8
Q

Levator labii superioris m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Elevates and everts upper lip

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9
Q

Zygomaticus minor m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Elevates upper lip

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10
Q

Zygomaticus major m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Draws angle of mouth backwards and upwards

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11
Q

Orbicularis oris m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Compression, contractions, and protrusion of lips

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12
Q

Depressor labii inferioris m: I & A?

Where is it w/respect to depressor anguli oris m?

A
  • Facial n.
  • Depresses lower lip and draws it laterally
  • Medial and (I think ) deep
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13
Q

Mentalis m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Raises and protrudes lower lip

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14
Q

Depressor anguli oris m: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Depresses angle of mouth

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15
Q

Risorius m: I & A?

Where is it in respect to the buccinator m?

A
  • Facial n.
  • Retracts angle of mouth
  • Sits on top of buccinator m.
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16
Q

Platysma: I & A?

A
  • Facial n.

- Tenses skin of neck

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17
Q

Corrugator supercilii m: I & A?

A

(Deep)

  • Facial n.
  • Draws eyebrows downward and medially, produces wrinkles in frowning
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18
Q

Occipitalis belly, occipitofrontalis m: I & A?

A

(Deep)

  • Facial n.
  • Moves scalp backwards
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19
Q

Buccinator m: I & A?

A

(Deep)

  • Facial n.
  • Compresses cheek, expels air b/w lips, aids in mastication
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20
Q

Levator anguli oris m: I & A?

A

(Deep)

  • Facial n.
  • Elevates angle of mouth
  • It’s deep to all the mm. around it
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21
Q

Sensory innervation of the face is done by what nerve?

A

Trigeminal n. (CN V)

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22
Q

The facial n. exits the skull via what hole? What does it pierce?

A

Stylomastoid foramen, piercing parotid gland

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23
Q

What are the 5 major branches of the facial n.?

A

Ten Zebras Bashed My Car (top -> bottom)

  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Marginal/Mandibular
  5. Cervical
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24
Q

Palsy to cranial nerve VII causes what disorder?

A

Bell’s Palsy (unilateral facial paralysis)

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25
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A 
Ophthalmic division (V1)
Maxillary division (V2)
Mandibular division (V3)
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26
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal n? (V1)

A 
"LaSSIE"
La: lacrimal
S: Supraorbital
S: Supratrochlear
I: Infratrochlear
E: External nasal
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27
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n? (V2)

A

“IZZ” (check this)
Infraorbital
Zygomatic temporal
Zygomaticofacial

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28
Q

What are the branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal n? (V3)

A 
"A BML" (check this)
Auriculotemporal
Buccal
Mental
Lingual
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29
Q

The parotid gland is innervated by parasympathic fibers of what nerve, which then synapses w/what ganglion?

A
  • Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

- Otic ganglion

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30
Q

The glossopharyngeal n. travels w/what n. as it passes thru the parotid gland?

A

Auriculotemporal n. (mandibular branch of V3)

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31
Q

Name the duct that comes from the parotid gland.

A

Stenson’s duct (AKA parotid duct)

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32
Q

What is the main artery that supplies the lower face and what do they branch from?

A
  • Facial a.

- External carotid a.

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33
Q

What 2 aa. emerge above the eye w/ nn. of the same name, and what do they branch from?

A
  • Supraorbital a. and supratrochlea a.

- Internal carotid a.

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34
Q

What a. supplies that lateral side of the face that branches from the ECA?

A
  • Superficial temporal a.
35
Q

What is the major venous sinus of the face?

A

Cavernous sinus

36
Q

What is important regarding the “danger triangular”?

A

Infection to facial vein can be serious.
Can spread to its interconnections (ophthalmic and intraorbital vv.) to the pterygoid plexus and into the cavernous sinus.
Can reach brain and cause meningitis and encephalitis.

37
Q

Explain the layers of the scalp

A 
SCALP
S: Skin
C: CT (dense)
A: Aponeurosis
L: Loose CT
P: Pericranium
38
Q

What lies at the junction of parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones? What runs deep to it and is vulnerable to rupture?

A
  • Pterion

- Middle meningeal artery

39
Q

What is the marking located on the medial superior border of the infratemporal fossa?
What bones make it up?

A

Infratemporal crest (greater wing of sphenoid –> temporal bone)

40
Q

What bones form the roof (superomedially) of the infratemporal fossa?
What is contained here?

A
  • Inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid + temporal bones
  • Foramen ovale (V3), foramen spinosum (middle meningeal a.), petrotympanic fissure (chorda tympani n.)
41
Q

What bones form the anterior wall of the infratemporal fossa?
What is contained here?

A
  • Posterior maxilla and pyramidal process of palatine bone

- Alveolar foramen and infra-orbital fissure

42
Q

What bones form the lateral wall of the infratemporal fossa?

What is contained here?

A
  • Medial ramus of mandible

- Opening to the mandibular canal

43
Q

What bones form the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa?

What is contained here?

A
  • Lateral plate of pterygoid process (ant), pharynx + 2 small mm. of the soft palate called tensor and levator veli palatini mm. (post)
  • Pterygomaxillary fissure, sphenopalatine foramen
44
Q

What marks the anterior limit of TMJ?

A

Articular tubercle of temporal bone

45
Q

What receives head of mandible to create the TMJ?

A

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

46
Q

What’s the posterior limit of TMJ?

A

Postglenoid tubercle of temporal bone

47
Q

What’s important about the condyloid process of the mandible?

A

Its head and neck articules w/mandibular fossa

48
Q

What’s at the superior anterior portion of the mandible?

A

Coronoid process

49
Q

What lies b/w the condyloid and coronoid processes of the mandible?

A

Mandibular notch

50
Q

Where is the pterygomaxillary fissure?

A

B/w pterygoid plate and maxilla (medial boundary of infratemporal fossa)

51
Q

What runs thru the foramen ovale?

A

V3 and accessory meningeal a.

52
Q

What runs thru the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal a. and recurrent meningeal n.

53
Q

Where is the foramen spinosum?

A

Near the spine of the sphenoid

54
Q

The temporal fossa communicates w/the infratemporal fossa thru the _______.

A

Zygomatic arch

55
Q

The infratemporal fossa communicates w/the orbit thru the ________ and the pterygopalatime fossa thru the _________.

A
  • Inferior orbital fissure

- Pterygomaxillary fissure

56
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the the nasal cavity by the ____________.

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

57
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Inferior temporalis m.
medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
TMJ
Maxillary a. and it’s 3 branches
CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal n.)
Chorda tympani (sensory and motor of CN VII)
Branches of glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
(so branches of 5, 7, 9)
Otic ganglion (parasymps for parotid gland from CN IX)

58
Q

What comprise the mm. of mastication?

What are they innervated by?

A
  • Medial and lateral pterygoid mm. + masseter m.

- V3 (mandibular n.)

59
Q

Protraction of the jaw is mostly performed by what muscle?

A

Lateral pterygoid m. is most important

assisted by medial pterygoid, masseter mm.

60
Q

Retraction of the jaw is mostly performed by what muscles?

A

Temporalis and masseter mm.

61
Q

Elevation of the jaw is mostly performed by what muscles?

A

Temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid mm.

62
Q

Depression of the jaw is mostly performed by what muscle?

A

Trick, it’s mostly gravity.

- Also lateral pterygoid, ant belly digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and infrahyoid mm.

63
Q

Lateral displacement of the jaw is performed by what muscles?

A

Ipsilateral masseter and temporalis, contralateral medial and lateral pterygoids.

64
Q

What is the articular disc of the TMJ made of?

A

Dense irregular CT (unusual)

65
Q

What are the 5 main components of the TMJ?

A 
Articular tubercle (of temporal bone)
Mandibular fossa
Condyle of the mandible (head and neck)
Articular disc
Postglenoid tubercle
66
Q

What is the function of the articular disc in the TMJ?

A

Divides joint into sup and inf compartments

67
Q

In the TMJ, the 1st movement is done in the ________ compartment, and the 2nd is done in the ________ compartment

A

Lower (hinge movement), Upper (sliding/gliding; articular disc moves w/head of mandible)

68
Q

What m. divides the maxillary artery? What divisions does it make?

A
  • Lateral pterygoid m.

- Mandibular part, pterygoid part, and pterygopalatine part

69
Q

What are the branches of the maxillary artery?

A 
MI DB IPS (mandibular part, pterygoid part, pterygopalatine part)
Middle meningeal a.
Inferior alveolar a.
Deep temporal aa.
Buccal a.
Infraorbital a.
Posterior superior alveolar a.
Sphenopalatine a.
70
Q

V3 (mandibular division of CN V) passes thru what hole ot get to the middle cranial fossa?

A

foramen ovale

71
Q

The anterior branch of V3 is primarily ________ and the posterior branch of V3 is primarily ________.

A

Motor, sensory

72
Q

What nerves branch from the anterior branch of V3?

A 
- Motor -
Buccal n. (this is except cuz it does sensory to cheek/oral cavity)
Anterior and posterior deep temporal nn.
Nerve to lateral pterygoid m.
Nerve to masseter m.
73
Q

What nerves branch from the posterior branch of V3?

A
  • Sensory -
    Auriculotemporal n.
    Lingual n.
    Inferior alveolar n.
74
Q

What does the auriculotemporal n. innervate?

A

Sensory to anterior ear and temporal region

75
Q

What are special characteristics of the auriculotemporal n.?

A
  1. Lesser petrosal n. (preganglionic parasympathetic) is derived from the glossopharyngeal n. and runs to the otic ganglion where it synapses. The postganglionic fibers leaving the otic ganglion will run w/the auriculotemporal n. to supply secretomotor fibors to the parotid gland.
  2. Splits to encircle the middle meningeal a. and then reunites to continue course to front of ear
76
Q

What does the lingual n. innervate?

A

General sensory to anterior 2/3 tongue (pain, temp, touch)

77
Q

What is a special characteristic of the lingual n.?

A

Receives the chorda tympani n. (CN VII, gives it a ride)

78
Q

What does the chorda tympani supply?

A
  • Special visceral afferent (SVA) fibers for taste from ant 2/3 tongue
  • Also carries preganglionic parasympathetics (GVE) which run to the submandibular ganglion (adjacent to the gland)
79
Q

What do postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion innervate?

A

Secretomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands

80
Q

What does the inferior alveolar n. pass thru and supply?

A
  • Passes through mandibular foramen to enter mandibular canal
  • Sensory innervation to mandibular teeth
  • Continues anteriorly to exit mental foramen and become the mental n.
81
Q

What gives off the n. to the mylohyoid?

A

Inferior alveolar n. (prior to entering mandible)

82
Q

What does nerve to the mylohyoid innervate?

A

Anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid mm.

83
Q

In the head, there are no lymph nodes above the _______.

A

Ear

84
Q

What are the sensory nn. of V3?

A 
BAIL:
Buccal n. (anterior exception)
Auriculotemporal n.
Inferior alveolar n.
Lingual n.

SHB Exam 1 (19 decks)

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