Fat Breakdown

Question 1

TAG

Answer 1

Tri Acyl Glycerol

3 FA attached to glycerol

Question 2

Acyl- CoA

Answer 2

Fatty acid attached to CoA

Question 3

Acetyl CoA

Answer 3

2 carbon Acyl group attached to CoA

Question 4

Fat storage form

Answer 4

TAGS

Question 5

Essential FA

Answer 5

Linoleic Acid

Linolenic Acid

Question 6

FA are essential if we

Answer 6

Lack desaturated to form the fats

Question 7

Fats are energy dense because

Answer 7

Triglycerides are highly reduced

Anhydrous (compact more)

Question 8

Energy triglycerides yield

Answer 8

9kcal/g

Question 9

Vast majority of TGs are stored in

Answer 9

Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

Question 10

Only ___ of TGs are stored in skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 10

1-2%

Question 11

Stored fat droplets are coated with

Answer 11

Perilipins

Question 12

Fat digestion in stomach occurs due to

Answer 12

Lingual and gastric lipases

Question 13

_____ are biological detergents

Answer 13

Bile salts

Question 14

___ decreases the size of fat droplets in digestion

Answer 14

Peristalsis

Question 15

Chyme enters small intestine and is

Answer 15

Emulsified

Question 16

Most fat digestion occurs due to

Answer 16

Pancreatic enzymes

Question 17

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 17

Creates FFA and monoacylglycerol

Question 18

Cholesterol esterase creates

Answer 18

FFA and cholesterol

Question 19

Phospholipase A2 breaks down

Answer 19

Phospholipids

Question 20

CCK is released from

Answer 20

Cells in small intestine

Question 21

CCK promotes

Answer 21

Gall bladder release of bile

Pancreatic release of digestive enzymes

Question 22

Secretin produced by

Answer 22

Intestinal cells

Question 23

Secretin promotes

Answer 23

Pancreatic release of bicarbonate

Question 24

___ absorb fat micelles

Answer 24

Enterocytes

Question 25

FFA, monoacylglycerol, and degraded phospholipids are converted back to ___ and ___ once they are absorbed by enterocytes

Answer 25

TAGs and phospholipids

Question 26

___ are able to move into and out of enterocytes without modification

Answer 26

Short chain FA

Question 27

TAGs and cholesterol are packaged into __ to be transported in the body

Answer 27

Chylomicron

Question 28

Chylomicrons are released into

Answer 28

Lacteals

Question 29

Chylomicrons enter blood through

Answer 29

Subclavian vein

Question 30

Chylomicrons are made of a lipid core surrounded by

Answer 30

Phospholipids and apolipoproteins (B48)

Question 31

____ on chylomicrons bind ____ on surface of cells

Answer 31

Apo C-2 LPL (lipoprotein lipase)

Question 32

LPL is produced by

Answer 32

Muscle and fat cells

Question 33

____ results in an increase in skeletal muscle LPL

Answer 33

Exercise

Question 34

Lipolysis

Answer 34

Release of FA

Question 35

Hormones that stimulate Lipolysis

Answer 35

Epinephrine | Glucagon

Question 36

Hormones that inhibit Lipolysis

Answer 36

Insulin

Question 37

ATGL

Answer 37

Adipose triglyceride lipase

Question 38

HSL

Answer 38

Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 39

MGL

Answer 39

Monoacylglycerol lipase

Question 40

Acyltransferases

Answer 40

Opposite of lipases Involved in triglyceride synthesis

Question 41

Overview of Fat Burning

Answer 41

``` 1. Mobilize Get FA off glycerol 2. Activate Attache FA to Co A 3. Beta Oxidation Prepare molecule for Kreb’s 4. Enter Aerobic System Krebs and ETS ```

Question 42

FA released into blood and bind to _____ for Transport

Answer 42

Serum albumin

Question 43

Glycerol shipped to liver converted to

Answer 43

DHAP

Question 44

Any FA entering muscle to be oxidized must be chaperoned by a protein ______, escorting it to the surface of the mitochondria

Answer 44

FABPC | Cytoplasmic fatty acid binding protein

Question 45

Steps of beta oxidation in the mitochondria

Answer 45

1. Oxidation 2. Hydration 3. Oxidation 4. Thiolysis

Question 46

To activate a FA, CoA must be attached to a FA to create Acyl CoA, via the enzyme

Answer 46

Acyl CoA Synthetase

Question 47

Linking CoA to the FA in FA activation occurs in the

Answer 47

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 48

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase complex consists of

Answer 48

1. CPT I 2. Acylcarnitine Translocase 3. CPT II

Question 49

___ considered the rate limiting step in FA entering mitochondria

Answer 49

CPT I

Question 50

Results of beta oxidation

Answer 50

1. FADH2 2. NADH 3. Acetyl CoA 4. Acyl CoA is two carbons shorter each time you run Beta oxidation

Question 51

In unsaturated FA degradation, 2 additional enzymes are required

Answer 51

1. Reductive | 2. Isomerase

Question 52

Odd-chain FA degradation results in

Answer 52

Propionyl CoA

Question 53

Propionyl CoA can be converted to

Answer 53

Succinyl CoA

Question 54

Each round of beta oxidation releases

Answer 54

Acetyl CoA (2 carbon molecule)

Question 55

Acyl CoA synthetase

Answer 55

Activates the FA for Transport into the mitochondria

Question 56

Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase

Answer 56

First enzyme of OHOT | Oxidizes Acyl CoA

Question 57

Inhibitors of fat burning

Answer 57

Insulin High energy charge (ATP) NADH or FADH2

Question 58

Stimulators of fat burning

Answer 58

Epinephrine Low energy charge NAD or FAD

Question 59

Under the control of insulin and degrades DAGS to MAGs

Answer 59

HSL

Question 60

Acyl CoA is moved from cytosol into the matrix via ____ (uses CPTI, CPTII, and translocase)

Answer 60

Carnitine

Question 61

B oxidation of saturated fat results in production of __ NADH and ___ FADH2

Answer 61

1, 1