February Study Session Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are peak hours?
0700 - 2200
What are spinning reserves?
Generator is already online and not fully loaded.
What are non-spinning reserves?
Generators that are offline that can come on within 10 minutes.
How long do you have to recover from a DCS event?
15 minutes
Can you count firm load as a reserve?
You can, but you’d only count it as an operating reserve during an EEA 3 condition.
If you do count it, you count it as non spinning reserves.
Can interruptible load be counted as a reserve?
Yes, but only in an EEA 2 situation. Usually takes about half an hour to implement though.
What are the three operating modes for AGC?
Tie line bias
Flat frequency
Flat tie line
When should the AGC be in Flat Frequency
When you are islanded.
When should you use Flat Tie Line?
When you don’t have a frequency source.
What piece of equipment is giving you a frequency reading at a power plant?
Potential Transformers
What is CPS 1 requirement?
100 or more.
What is BAAL compliance?
It is the boundary of your BAAL threshold. I can not exceed BAAL over 30 consecutive minutes.
Is under frequency load shedding required to be coordinated?
Yes, coordinate with the RC.
What equipment is most likely to be damaged during low frequency?
Generators
Impedance based relay systems like Zone 1 or Zone 2, how far does Zone 1 reach and is there a time delay?
80%, no time delay
Impedance based relay systems like Zone 1 or Zone 2, how far does Zone 2 reach and is there a time delay?
100%-120%, time delay
Difference between static and dynamic devices?
Static: devices that are switchable (eg. reactors and capacitors
Dynamic: anything that is immediately responsive to changes in voltage (eg. synchronous condensers, static var compensators, generators that have automatic voltage regulators)
Ohm’s Law
V=IR
V = Voltage
I = Current
R = Resistance
What’s the difference between an SOL and IROL?
SOL: System Operating Limit; defined for all equipment on a system. Established by TO
IROL: Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits; A system operating limit that if it should occur, could cause voltage collapse or cascading outages on adjacent systems. Established by RC.
How long do you have to get within IROL?
30 minutes
Where do you typically see line reactors and why?
High voltage lines; Ferrani Voltage Rise
Transmission lines naturally have inductive reactants, capacitive reactants and resistance.
Needs a switchable reactive device to help.
What are phase shifting transformers for?
Controlling power flow
What is RCIS?
Reliability Coordinator Information System
What is the State Estimator?
Mathematical calculation of what your power system is doing. Used in RTCA (Real Time Contingency Analysis)
