Fermentation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Fermentation Deck (31)
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0
Q

fermentation starts at the …

A

end in the cytoplasm

1
Q

aerobic respiration and fermentation both start in…

A

the cytoplasm with glycolysis and yields 2 ATP

2
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration (using sulfate or metal ions)
cannot survive in the presence of O2

3
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

used either fermentation or oxidative phosphorylation

yeast and many bacteria

4
Q

pyruvate in facultative anaerobiasis

A

substrate for two alternative catabolic pathways in facultative anaerobes

5
Q

natural alcohol fermentation by yeasts in fruits

A

breaks in the skin of grapes and fruit allows entry of microbes
once O is consume, yeast switches to fermentation

6
Q

anaerobic prokaryotes evolved before

A

…O revolution

7
Q

first prokaryotes

A

ATP exclusively from glycolysis and fermentation
enzymes in cytoplasm
later-advantage for prokaryotes that could Oxygen-aerobic metabolism

8
Q

photosynthesis

A

solar energy->chemical energy

planets, algae, certain other protists and some prokaryotes

9
Q

autotrophs

A

-producers of the biosphere
CO2 + inorganic molecules -> organic molecules
-self feeders, they sustain themselves without eating anything from other living beings

10
Q

what is the energy source in photoautotrophs?

A

sunlight

11
Q

heterotrophs

A

organic material from other organisms

consumers of the biosphere, they live on compounds produced by other organisms

12
Q

sunlight

A

electromagnetic energy/radiation

rhythmic waves/ discrete particles, photons

13
Q

visible light

A

wavelength that we can see

14
Q

wavelength

A

distance between crests of waves (characterized the type of electromagnetic energy)

15
Q

pigments

A

absorb certain wavelengths of visible light

-absorbed wavelengths disappear

16
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

entire range of radiation

17
Q

chlorophyll a

A

the key light capturing pigment which participates directly in the light reactions

18
Q

chlorophyll b

A

works in conjunction with chlorophyll a

19
Q

carotenoids

A

hydrocarbons that are carious shades of yellow and orange because they absorb violet and blue-green light

20
Q

chlorophyll reflects and transmits light

A

leaves appear green

absorbs other wavelengths

21
Q

High transmittance=

A

high reflection/ low absorbance

22
Q

white light through a prism focus’s a certain wavelength through a solution, what happens to the light that is transmitted?

A

converted to an electrical current

23
Q

low transmittance=

A

low reflection/high absorbance

24
Q

carotenoids

A

absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll

25
Q

chlorophyll b

A

broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis

26
Q

phycoerythin

A

yellow and brown carotenoids

they are algal photosynthetic pigments

27
Q

photo excitation of chlorophyll

A

absorption of a photon exits an electron of chlorophyll to a higher energy- unstable
electron quickly drops back down to ground state
if not captured,energy released as heat and fluorescent light

28
Q

photosynthesis uses…

A

released energy

29
Q

redox reaction

A

co2 is reduced and h2o is oxidized

30
Q

What does sulfur bacteria use instead of water?

A

hydrogen