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BIOMED > Fertilisation + Embryo Development SEM2 > Flashcards

Fertilisation + Embryo Development SEM2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oolema

A

Plasma membrane of oocyte covered in microvilli

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2
Q

What is the zona pellucida

A

Outer layer of oocyte - protein coat

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3
Q

How are cumulus cells held together by

A

Extracellular matrix thats rich in hyaluronan

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4
Q

What is ZP1

A

A bridging molecules that holds chains together

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5
Q

What are ZP2, ZP3, ZP4

A

Glycoproteins

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the zona pellucida

A

-prevents polyspermy
-protects preimplantation embryo from reabsorption
-mediates species-specific recognition

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7
Q

What structure are ZP1,- ZP4 associated with

A

Zona pellucida

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8
Q

What is polyspermy

A

When more than one sperm tries to enter the egg

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9
Q

What is the role of the cumulus cell

A

-penetrate the zona pellucida
-form intercellular junctions with oocyte cell membrane

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10
Q

Role of the cumulus cell process

A

Secretes growth facotrs e.g paracrine factors - important in oocyte maturation

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11
Q

What is the series of fertilisation

A

-swim from vagina to oviduct
-penetrate cumulus cell layer
-bind to and. Penetrate zona pellucida
-bind and fuse with plasma membrane

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12
Q

What are the three stages of fertilisation

A

1)sperm preparation
2)sperm binding and fusion
3)preventing polyspermy (cortical reaction)

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13
Q

What is the first step in sperm preparation

A

Capacitation

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14
Q

Where does capacitation take place and its importance

A

In the oviduct - mature sperm need to acquire capacity to fertilise

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15
Q

What is capacitation of sperm

A

(On epididymal surface) Loses cholesterol, phospholipids and glycoproteins on surface - sperm become less stable

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16
Q

What is the 2nd step in sperm preparation

A

Acrosome reaction

17
Q

What does fusion of sperm plasma membrane and outer acrosomal membrane create

A

Pores

18
Q

What are the steps in the acrosome reaction and how is it induced

A

-induced by progesterone
-releases enzymes (e.g hyaluronidase)
-exposes acrosin
-exposes surface molecules

19
Q

What does acrosome contain

A

Proteolytic enzymes e.g acrosin, trypsin, protease

20
Q

What happens to the sperm after bound to the oocyte plasma membrane

A

Microvilli on oocyte plasma membrane engulf sperm

21
Q

Where does swelling (fertilisation cone) form at

A

Forms at the point of fusion

22
Q

What are the two ways to block polyspermy

A

1)zona reaction ‘zona block’ - ZP2 is cleaved

2)’membrane block’ - juno receptor shed from PM (plasma mem) = other sperm cannot bind

23
Q

What is syngamy

A

Coming together of the gametic chromosomes

24
Q

What molecules are important for compaction

A

-E-Cadherin and Beta-catenin

25
Q

What is the role of E-cadherin

A

Acts as an adhesion molecule

BIOMED (24 decks)

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