Filamentous Bacteria

Question 1

True/False: Filamentous bacteria is a group of different generas of bacteria at some point in the growth they form a filamentous form

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are the most important generas of filamentous bacteria?

Answer 2

Nocardia

Actinomyces

Dermatophilus

Question 3

All the filamentous bacteria are gram ______

Answer 3

positive

Question 4

True/False: Nocardia is anaerobic, gram positive and saprophytic

Answer 4

False: Nocardia is aerobic

Question 5

Nocardia are _____ acid- fast

Answer 5

partially

*They can show up as both acid fast positive or negative

*some mycolic acids of nocardia are simple while other are more complex

Question 6

What kind of exudate does Nocardia produce?

Answer 6

suppurative and pyogranulomatous

Question 7

Which species of nocardia is the most common?

Answer 7

Nocardia asteroides

Question 8

True/False: Nocardia is mainly opportunistic

Answer 8

True

immunosuppressed individuals are more at risk

Question 9

What immune response is needed agasint Nocardia?

Answer 9

Cell mediated

Question 10

What is the reservoir for nocardia and how is it transmitted?

Answer 10

soil and water

transmitted via inhalation, trauma, and ingestion

Question 11

True/False: nocardia can cause mastitis

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Nocardia creates a suppurative process with variable ______ features

Answer 12

granulomatous

Question 13

Lymph nodes are usually ______ in Nocardia infections

Answer 13

enlarged

*LYMPH NODES ARE CONSISTENTLY INVOVLED WITH NOCARDIA

Question 14

Nocardia has exudates with blood, pus and _____ like granules

Answer 14

sulfur

*Sulfur granules are more common in actinomyces

Question 15

Nocardia is one of the causative agents for ______ farcy

Answer 15

bovine

Question 16

True/False: Nocardia can cause pneumonia, abortion, and lymphadenitis

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What are the features of Bovine farcy?

Answer 17

Placenta covered with multiple foci

multiple lesions in the lung

Question 18

Nocardia is most susceptible for _______horses, swine, dog and cats

Answer 18

immunosuppressed

Question 19

Nocardia causes important mortality events in what species?

Answer 19

dogs and cats

50% case fatality

Question 20

Nocardia is the causative agent of what disease in the jaw?

Answer 20

Mandibular osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw)

Question 21

What is this a picture of?

Answer 21

sulfur granules

*colonies of bacteria within the mandible

Question 22

Chronic osteomyelitis from Nocardia give a ______-like appearance to the mandible

Answer 22

honeycomb

Question 23

True/False: Nocardia is morphologically indistinguishable from actinomyces

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What agar can you grow Nocardia on?

Answer 24

Sabouraud’s and blood agar

*Nocardia looks similar to fungi when it grows

Question 25

Ture/False: Nocardia are falcultative aerobes

Answer 25

False Nocardia are OBLIGATE aerobes

Question 26

What is the most recommended drug for nocardosis treatment?

Answer 26

Trimethoprim- sulfonamide

Question 27

True/False: Actinomyces is found as part of the normal flora of the mouth, GI tract, and urogenital tract and cause endogenous infections

Answer 27

True

Question 28

One virulence factor of Actinomyces is ______ which cleaves sialic acid and open up receptors for the bacteria to bind to

Answer 28

Sialidase

Question 29

Is Actinomyces acid fast positive?

Answer 29

NO ACID FAST NEGATIVE- They do not contain mycolic acid

Question 30

What kind of reactions do Actinomyces evoke?

Answer 30

Pyogranulomatous

Question 31

What is the difference between the pathogenesis of Nocardiosis and Actinomyces?

Answer 31

Actinomyces has little tendency for vascular dissemination!

Question 32

Actinomyces pathogenesis

Answer 32

1. trauma opens the door for endogenous bacteria to colonize 2. pyogranulomatose lesions evoking an intense response 3. osteomyelitis is initiated 4. replacement with porous bone, dislodgement of teeth, inability to chew

Question 33

True/False: Only Nocardia causes lumpy jaw

Answer 33

False \*Both Nocardia and Actinomyces cause lumpy jaw

Question 34

True/False: It is more common to see lymph node involvement in Nocardia than Actinomyces

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What species of animal is more common to get lymph node invovlment by Actinomyces

Answer 35

Horses \*Common to see infections in cervical lymph nodes in horses with Acintomyces

Question 36

How can dogs and cats transmit Actinomyces?

Answer 36

Bites

Question 37

True/False: In Actinomyces, there could be antibodies but the main immune response that is protective is the cell mediated response

Answer 37

True

Question 38

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_granules are VERY common with Actinomyces infections

Answer 38

Sulfur \*look like pepple lesions coming out of the wound

Question 39

True/False: Actinomyces are obligate anaerobes

Answer 39

False Facultative anaerobes

Question 40

Actinomyces requires _____ in the agar to grow

Answer 40

serum or blood

Question 41

What can be used as a treatment for Lumpy jaw?

Answer 41

Iodine

Question 42

True/False: Dermatophilus congolensis is mainly found in the tropical areas and can cause severe economic losses

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Dermatophilus is associated with warm weather, wet weather and \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 43

ticks!

Question 44

Dermatophilus causes a \_\_\_\_\_epidermitis in livestock

Answer 44

exudative

Question 45

Dermatophilus congolensis forms coccoid forming \_\_\_\_\_filaments

Answer 45

branching

Question 46

What is the best treatment for Dermatophilus?

Answer 46

if the animal is removed from the rain it will most likely recover reduce the tick population PREVENTION is key!