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Flashcards in File 4 Vocab Deck (46)
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1
Q

Affix

A

Bound morpheme that attaches to a stem.

2
Q

Affixation

A

Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes.

3
Q

Agglutinating Language

A

A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes.

4
Q

Allomorph

A

One of a set of nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar.

5
Q

Alternation

A

A difference between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related.

6
Q

Ambiguity

A

Phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression.

7
Q

Analytic Language

A

Type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes.

8
Q

Bound Morpheme

A

Morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself.

9
Q

Bound Root

A

Morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand as a word in its own right.

10
Q

Closed Lexical Category

A

Lexical category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time.

11
Q

Compounding

A

Word formation process by which words are formed through combining two or more independent words.

12
Q

Conjunction

A

A lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however, etc.

13
Q

Content Morpheme

A

Morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing a grammatical function.)

14
Q

Content Word

A

A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs.

15
Q

Derivation

A

Process by which an underlying form is changed as phonology rules act upon it.

16
Q

Determiner

A

Name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc.

17
Q

Form

A

Structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual segments to strings of words.

18
Q

Free Morpheme

A

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

19
Q

Function Morpheme

A

Morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.

20
Q

Function Word

A

Word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase.

21
Q

Fusional Language

A

Type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem.

22
Q

Hierarchical Structure

A

Dominance relationship among morphemes in a word, or among constituents in a phrase.

23
Q

Homophony

A

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form, i.e., sound the same.

24
Q

Incorporation

A

Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language.

25
Q

Infix

A

Type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem.

26
Q

Inflection

A

Morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as person, number, tense, gender, etc.

27
Q

Input

A

The linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules.

28
Q

Lexical Category

A

Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties.

29
Q

Lexicon

A

Mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological, and syntactic properties.

30
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function.

31
Q

Morphology

A

The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes.

32
Q

Open Lexical Category

A

Lexical category into which new members are often introduced.

33
Q

Output

A

Linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules.

34
Q

Partial Reduplication

A

Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated.

35
Q

Polysynthetic Language

A

Type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships.

36
Q

Prefix

A

Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem.

37
Q

Preposition

A

Name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with, etc.

38
Q

Productive

A

Describes a rule (such as a morphological rule stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem) that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical forms.

39
Q

Pronoun

A

Name of a lexical category that consists of words such as I, she, us, etc.

40
Q

Reduplicant

A

Morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication.

41
Q

Reduplication

A

Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word.

42
Q

Root

A

Free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach.

43
Q

Simultaneous Affix

A

An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages.

44
Q

Stem

A

The base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added.

45
Q

Suffix

A

Affix that attaches to the end of a stem.

46
Q

Suppletion

A

Morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other.