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Legislative Process > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Expansionist Stage

A

Member is trying to grow and solidify their re-election constituency; early in the members career; frequently go back home to attend events

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2
Q

Protectionist Stage

A

Member has a solid re-election constituency and is not long trying to expand but preserve it; member can become resentful from their constituents demands

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3
Q

Policy Responsiveness

A

When the member or their constituency has an interest in a certain policy so the member works to get it

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4
Q

Allocation Responsiveness

A

The member ensures their constituency get their fair share of federal dollars ex. Pork barrel legislation

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5
Q

Symbolic responsiveness

A

A members gesture of support ex. Press statement, issuing a bill

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6
Q

Service responsiveness

A

Member performing case work, helping their constituency navigate government programs, etc

This is an example of Congress working because 85% of those who had requested help from their representative said they were satisfied with the response they received

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7
Q

Home style

A

How members of Congress choose to conduct themselves when they are back home

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8
Q

Dyadic representation

A

One legislator and one constituency

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9
Q

Collective representation

A

How Congress represents the American people as a whole

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10
Q

Delegates

A

Support the opinion of their constituents even when their personal preference goes against them

House of Representatives

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11
Q

Trustees

A

View themselves as having been chosen to exercise independent judgement

Senators

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12
Q

Descriptive Representation

A

Occurs when a member of Congress belongs to your social or demographic group

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13
Q

Substantive representation

A

Occurs when members of Congress accurately reflects their constituents interests

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14
Q

Introspective representation

A

How a members personal life experiences shape what they do in Congress

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15
Q

Budget and Accounting Act of 1921

A

Delayed responsibility for the budget to the president, required the president to solicit information and requests from Congress and then send his budget to Congress

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16
Q

Budget and Impoundment Act of 1974

A

Restricts the president from impoundment and also set up the CBO Zane budget committees in Congress

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17
Q

Concurrent Budget Resolution

A

Adopted by both chambers and not sent to the president, does not have the force of law

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18
Q

Continuing resolutions

A

A form of joint resolutions authorizing continuous spending based off the previous year when concurrent budget resolution is not passed

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19
Q

Supplemental appropriations bills

A

Congress responding to unexpected events and appropriating additional money for a specific purpose during anytime in the year

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20
Q

Sunset provisions

A

Solution to unauthorized programs that explicitly identifies when a program needs to stop operations unless it is renewed

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21
Q

Rescissions

A

When Congress cancels appropriated spending following a presidential request or it’s own initiative; funds may be legally delayed for 45 session day and after this both Houses must approve or the money must be spent

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22
Q

Deficit

A

Annual difference between tax revenue and government expenditures

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23
Q

Government Bond

A

When there is a deficit, it is a long term investment where people who purchase the bond have a fixed rate of interest

24
Q

National debt

A

When the government repeatedly borrows money, it is the amount of borrowed money accrued

25
Q

Dynamic Scoring

A

Tells the anticipated consequences of a program taking into account secondary macro economic effects, these scores are often inaccurate

26
Q

Pay as you go programs

A

Taxes of current workers are immediately paid to the current beneficiaries

27
Q

The Federal Reserve

A

Interdependent group comprise of 7 members appointed by the president for 14 year term, staggering terms with one expiring every two years and members cannot be removed, federal reserve controls the supply of money using various techniques

28
Q

Inside lobbying

A

Quiet behind the scenes work to influence congressmen, testify at hearings, contact government officials, engage in informal contacts, present research, and help draft legislation

29
Q

Outside lobbying

A

Lobbying to put pressure on the public, talk with people from the press and media, inspire letter writing campaigns, mount grassroots lobbying, have influential constituents contact their representatives, run ads

30
Q

Astroturf lobbying

A

A lobbyist providing a constituents a letter to communicate to their government official

31
Q

Revolving door

A

Practice where members of Congress or a high ranking executive staff member become a lobbyist immediately after leaving government service

32
Q

District Courts

A

Lowest level of federal courts, every state has at least one identified by region, trial courts with federal, civil, and criminal law, they can strike down laws that violate the constitution

33
Q

Appellate/CIRCUIT courts

A

They receive appeals that fall in their district, engaged in error correction in fact or law, no jury

Ex. DC Circuit Court or Appeals

34
Q

Supreme Court

A

Determines its own case load, has some original jurisdiction, determine cases of law

35
Q

Blue slip procedure

A

Informal custom of the Senate and not required by law, for district and circuit courts when the presidents nominated a judge the senate judiciary committee sends a blue piece of paper to the Senators the nominee is from, when the Senators returns a positive blue slip it only means tag nominee should not be blocked not that they will actually support the nominee, rare that the Senate will confirm a nominee not supported by both home state Senators

36
Q

Divided Government

A

Occurs when the presidency is held by one party and one or both of houses of Congress is held by the other party

37
Q

Legislative Effectiveness Score

A

Uses a computer program to collect all relevant information on the progress of every public bill introduced in the House and Senate, to capture the ability of a legislator to advance their ideas into law

38
Q

Companion bills

A

Any bills that goes through the House and Senate in identical forms and one will become law

39
Q

Text reuse

A

Method that looks at bills that were introduced but not passed and if language in the bill has been used in a bill that has passed

40
Q

Squire index

A

Measure of state legislative professionalism using three measures pay, session, and staff resources

41
Q

Line item veto

A

Governors can strike certain lines in a bill and veto those but sign the rest into law

42
Q

Missouri Plan

A

The governor appoints people to anon-partisan commission that will then provide the governor a refined list of names for judicial vacancies, governor picks judge for vacancy for a year and then citizens will vote in a retention election for the judge to stay the entire term

43
Q

Initiative

A

Citizen write a law where a certain number of signatur are required to put on the ballot

44
Q

Indirect initiative

A

Responds to the concern the initiatives cut off the state legislator, so citizens write a bill and get signatures and it sent to the state legislator to adopt, amend, or defeat. If the public is upset with the outcome, it can be put on ballot after get signatures to do so

45
Q

Referendum

A

Opportunity for voters to determine whether or not to uphold a law that a state adopts

46
Q

Recall

A

Election to remove someone from office before their term is up, not likely to happen to governors but more likely to happen to lower offices

47
Q

Balances budget requirement

A

State government require balances budgets in different forms, either the governors budget needs to be balances or adopted is balanced

48
Q

Operating budget

A

State budget that sets money for government programs, can’t borrow money for this

49
Q

Capital budget

A

Money for capital projects, state can borrow money for this

50
Q

Tax and expenditure limits

A

State governments limited on how fast expenditures and taxes can rise over time

51
Q

Rainy day funds

A

Money set aside in times of good to use is times of bad, emergency fund

52
Q

Intergovernmental transfers

A

Federal sending money to states and normally these funds are restricted in many ways

Ex. Matching grants, crossover sanctions

53
Q

South Dakota v Wayfair

A

Tested interstate commerce, SD was trying capture revenge from online sales from merchants and the Supreme Court upheld it allowing state government to have online sales taxes

54
Q

Sin taxes

A

Taxes in legal issues bad on public health ex. Cigarettes, alcohol

55
Q

State owned business

A

Provides states revenue and are supposed to be a non profit with a small percentage going to state revenue ex. Liquor store

56
Q

Gambling revenue

A

Revenue on gambling activities ex. Casino pacts, lotteries

57
Q

FICA Tax

A

Federal Insurance Contributions Act, payroll tax to pay for social security and Medicare

Legislative Process (2 decks)

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