Final

Question 1

core vx in dogs

Answer 1

rabies
distemper
adenovirus
parvovirus

Question 2

cat core vx

Answer 2

rhinotracheitis
calicivirus
panleukopenia
rabies

Question 3

cat less than 10 should have a PE every?

Answer 3

every 12 mo

Question 4

cat more than 10 should have a PE every?

Answer 4

every 6 mo

Question 5

FeLV tests test for?

Answer 5

antigen

Question 6

FIV tests test for?

Answer 6

antibodies

Question 7

it takes how long for FeLV to be detected

Answer 7

<30 days

Question 8

it takes how long for FIV to be detected

Answer 8

<60 days

Question 9

what tests are used to test for FelV and FIV

Answer 9

ELISA
rapid immunomigration (RIM)

Question 10

a 5 yr old dog got his1 yr rabies at 16 weeks and 3 yr rabies at 1 yr. What vx do u give now?

Answer 10

rabies 3 yr

Question 11

common clinical signs of strangles

Answer 11

pyrexia/fever
pharyngitis
anorexia
lethargy
lymphadenopathy
bilateral nasal discharge

Question 12

nasal shedding begins ___ after onset of fever and persists for _____

Answer 12

2-3 days

2-3 weeks

Question 13

strangles transmission

Answer 13

direct & indirect

esp viable in water 4-6 weeks, not feces or soil

Question 14

optimal samples of strangles

Answer 14

FNA of enlarged/abscessed LN

Question 15

overweight horses affected by which diseases

Answer 15

metabolic syndrome/laminitis
insulin resistance
osteoarthritis

Question 16

egg counts for ascarid infections have what?

Answer 16

high Sp
moderate Se
no correlation was found between egg counts and number of worms in SI

Question 17

parascaris equorum prepatent period

Answer 17

70 days

Question 18

what antihelmintic CAN worsen foal SI impactions with ascarids

Answer 18

ivermectin
pyrantel pamoate

Question 19

what antihelmintic can you give for ascarid impaction

Answer 19

benzimidazoles like fenbendazole
dose-determining (higher dose required)

Question 20

deworming protocol for foals vs adult equids

Answer 20

foals - recommended treatment with benzimidazoles at 60-90 days old

acquired immunity usually develops before the horse is 2 yrs old - ascarid control efforts are not required in mature horses

monthly frequency of ivermectin is excessive -> resistance

Question 21

EHV-1 & 4 clinical signs

Answer 21

1st - biphasic fever

neurologic (EHM)
respiratory
neonatal death
abortion

Question 22

diagnostic choice for EHV

Answer 22

nasopharyngeal swab or blood in PTT

Question 23

equine core vx

Answer 23

EEE/WEE
rabies
tetanus
west nile virus

Question 24

prevention for EHV

Answer 24

isolate
keep pregnant mares away
biosecurity
vaccination - does not prevent neuro signs

Question 25

cause of calf death < 2 days

Answer 25

non-infectious physiological derangements

Question 26

cause of calf death > 3 days

Answer 26

infectious

Question 27

what is the most influential manageable factor of calf health and survival

Answer 27

colostrum acquistition

Question 28

what does colostrum feed provide

Answer 28

warmth fluids standard nutrients micronutrients immunoglobulins non-immunoglobulin immune factors (cells, cytokines, enzymes)

Question 29

what is the majority immunoglobulin provides in colostrum

Answer 29

IgG1

Question 30

does colostrum or milk have a higher... specific gravity total solids fat total protein Ig minerals

Answer 30

colostrum

Question 31

5 key things about colostrum management

Answer 31

quality quantity cleanliness quickness quantify

Question 32

what does categorizing variables improve

Answer 32

communication w manager progress in managing changes recognition of management success at risk populations and cutoff for groupings

Question 33

what is suggestive of FPT

Answer 33

serum IgG < 10 g/L in 24-48hrs of age

Question 34

what affects the mass of Ig consumed in the calf?

Answer 34

quality volume

Question 35

what affects the absorption of colostrum in the calf?

Answer 35

quality time

Question 36

what is suggestive of high quality colostrum for IgG and Brix refractometer

Answer 36

IgG > 50g/L Brix >22% (18-23%)

Question 37

best way to measure serum IgG? what is easiest to measure at the farm?

Answer 37

ideally radial immunodiffusion (RID) farm - STP with optical refractometer or optical or digital Brix refractometer

Question 38

optical refractometer reading

Answer 38

5.0-5.5 cutoff for FPT

Question 39

Brix readings

Answer 39

8.1-8.5% cuttoff for FPT

Question 40

____ calves should have STP <5.1 _____ calves should have STP > 5.8

Answer 40

<10% >70%

Question 41

what causes Psittacosis and how is it spread

Answer 41

Chlamydia psittaci ocular and nasal discharge & feces

Question 42

most important management strategy for controlling disease in herpetariums and avaries

Answer 42

quarantine area

Question 43

what 4-5 designated areas should be present

Answer 43

quarantine nursery isolation breeding food storage/supply

Question 44

quarantine for avians

Answer 44

45 days

Question 45

quarantine for reptiles

Answer 45

unknown hx 90 days known hx maybe 14 days

Question 46

major clinical signs of Psittacosis

Answer 46

non-specific anorexia, ruffled feathers, ocular/nasal discharge, diarrhea

Question 47

transmission to humans of Psittacosis

Answer 47

inhaling dust handling infected birds

Question 48

when should the quarantine areas be serviced in an aviary

Answer 48

last area of the day

Question 49

higher risk groups for salmonella

Answer 49

children < 5 immunocompromised

Question 50

6 most common enteric zoonotic parasites in cats and dogs.

Answer 50

Toxocariasis Echinococcosis Giardiasis Hookworm infections Cryptosporidiosis Toxoplasmosis

Question 51

does giardia or crypto have more zoonotic potential

Answer 51

cryptosporidum

Question 52

difference in infective stages of giardia and cryptosporidium

Answer 52

giardia - cyst cyrptosporidum - sporulated oocyst

Question 53

cryptosporidum higher risk population vs giardia

Answer 53

crypto - immunosuppressed, vets, farm workers, vet students, children and neonatal animals giardia - young animals and children, kennels, catteries, breeders, immunosuppressed

Question 54

best diagnostic for cryptosporidium

Answer 54

immunofluorescent assay (fluorescent Ab assay) - also detects giardia cysts

Question 55

best diagnostic for giardia

Answer 55

fecal float w centrifugation NOT ELISA bc can remain + after treatment for variable period of time

Question 56

when to treat for giardia

Answer 56

only if diarrhea present always do fecal float to see if treatment worked treat with fendendazole NOT metronidazole

Question 57

most common cause of foodborne disease/outbreak in US

Answer 57

virus (norovirus)

Question 58

goal of FSMA

Answer 58

aims to ensure US food supply safe by shifting focus from responding to contamination to PREVENTING IT

Question 59

danger zone

Answer 59

41-135 degrees F

Question 60

what are the 6 sustainability goals

Answer 60

net zero warning a good life for animals diverse and abundant wildlife enough clean water for all no waste health and happiness

Question 61

what is the best way to categorize climate associated illness in animals

Answer 61

by exposure pathway

Question 62

Which of the following best describes a no-cost action that all veterinarians can take to protect the health of wildlife?

Answer 62

advocate for protection of appropriate wildlife habitat

Question 63

ways to reduce water

Answer 63

flow restriction devices low flow toilets proper plumbing - no leak leg-operated surgical scrub rather than elbow drought resistant plans minimize laundry

Question 64

ways to minimize anesthesia

Answer 64

anesthetic gasses with less green house potency total IV and/or regional instead of inhalational anesthesia avoid pre-emptive drawing up of meds

Question 65

type of care: Integrating an understanding of the client’s financial and lifestyle realities into a fully developed treatment plan to meet their goals for patient care and health outcomes.

Answer 65

contextualized care

Question 66

type of care: Offering a continuum of treatment plan options from those that are less complex and require less financial and time investment to those that are complex and involve high financial and time investment, so the animal caregiver can pick a path to follow that meets their goals and means.

Answer 66

spectrum of care

Question 67

type of care: Implementing diagnostics and treatments in steps, one by one, in an intentional sequential manner that become more costly and complex over the timeline of care for the animal , where the next steps respond to the client’s expectations and financial constraints and change based on the patient’s response to initial treatment.

Answer 67

incremental care

Question 68

5 determinants of health according to DHHS

Answer 68

1. economic stability 2. education access 3. health care access 4. neighborhood & built environment 5. social and community

Question 69

what are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.

Answer 69

DHHS definition of social determinants of health (SDOH)