Final

Question 1

What are SVP laws?

Answer 1

Sexually violent predator

Protect society from danger (future crime)

Question 2

What does the term double jeopardy mean?

Answer 2

Can’t be trailed twice for the same crime

Question 3

What does the term future dangerousness standard mean

Answer 3

Determining if defendant is likely to commit violent acts and cause a threat to society

Question 4

In what famous case did the supreme court rule on the use of expert testimony on the issue of dangerousness

Answer 4

Barefoot vs Estelle 1983

Question 5

In the American psychiatric Association amicus curiae brief how often were mental health experts correct and the estimate of dangerousness

Answer 5

1/3

Question 6

What is the term involuntary civil commitment

Answer 6

Place someone in a mental facility against their well

Question 7

The famous case resulted in the duty to protect ruling

Answer 7

Taraoff vs regents of uc

Question 8

In Kansas v crane, the Supreme Court identify three criterion for involuntary commitment under SVP laws. List the three criteria

Answer 8

1) suffer from some form of mental illness
2) pose future danger to society
3) have serious difficulties controlling urges.

Question 9

If we predict that a person will become violent and he does not violent it is called

Answer 9

False positives

Question 10

If we predict that a person will not become violent and he does become violent it is called

Answer 10

True negative

Question 11

If we predict that a person will be violent and he does become violent it is called

Answer 11

True positive

Question 12

If we predict that a person will not become violent and he does not become violent it is called

Answer 12

False negative

Question 13

What does the word intuition mean

Answer 13

The ability to understand something immediately without need for conscious reasoning

Question 14

Clinicians who are unaware of the rarity of an offensive are prone to _ the offense

Answer 14

Reoffend

Question 15

_ of prediction require that relevant risk factors be symmetrically combined using statistical equation to calculate an estimate of future violent

Answer 15

Base rate

Question 16

Clinical prediction has been consistently shown to be more effective than the actual method

Answer 16

False

Question 17

The final collision in the VRAG achieved approximately _% accuracy in selecting those who would reoffend from those who would not

Answer 17

75%

Question 18

The SORAGA Is a specialized variant of the VRAG used to predict

Answer 18

Sexual reoffenses

Question 19

List three classes of risk factors used to predict risk

Answer 19

Static markers
Dynamic markers
Risk management markers

Question 20

Historical markers are also called _______ because they do not change

Answer 20

Static

Question 21

Young age of first offense is a good example of _______ marker

Answer 21

Static

Question 22

_________ fluctuate over time

Answer 22

Dynamic markers

Question 23

A major ________ factors lack of insight into oneself or others

Answer 23

Dynamic marker

Question 24

A stable supportive post really some vitamin is a good example of a ______ marker

Answer 24

Risk management

Question 25

The ________ is a superior violence production instrument because includes all of the categories of risk

Answer 25

HCR 20

Question 26

What does the word attribution mean

Answer 26

Process by which individual explains and causes certain behavioral event

Question 27

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _________ ____________ _________ causes evoke the strongest responses

Answer 27

Situation Environment External

Question 28

Women are likely to receive exactly the same punishment as men for the exact same crime

Answer 28

False

Question 29

______________ requires judges to hand him a sentence that falls within a specific range for specific crime

Answer 29

Determinate sentencing

Question 30

________ refers to releasing inmate from before their entire sentence has been served

Answer 30

Parole

Question 31

_______ are short term holding cells operated by cities or countries

Answer 31

Jail

Question 32

________ hold convicted criminals for long periods of times

Answer 32

Prison

Question 33

Of all crimes types pedophiles are the most likely to reoffend.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Americas the first country in human history in which the majority of rape victims are male

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Name the primary factor that facilitates continued criminal behavior with in the prison

Answer 35

The culture to prisoners are violence and fear

Question 36

The rarest rate for prisoners who have completed drug rehabilitation's are about __________ then the rarest rate for prisoners who have not received treatment

Answer 36

20% lower

Question 37

The average cost of housing prisoners over the age of 55 exceeds _____ per year

Answer 37

$80,000

Question 38

Prisons are incubators for at least two virulent diseases _______ and _____

Answer 38

HIV | Aids

Question 39

Prisons do an extraordinary good job of__________ criminals but not necessarily reducing the ________

Answer 39

Incapacitating | Crime rate

Question 40

Prison is also a great success of the goal of

Answer 40

Retribution

Question 41

At the goal of ________ prisons are A dismal failure

Answer 41

Rehabilitation

Question 42

Petersilia, Turner, and Peterson found that compared with probation, prison time _________ the risk of future crime

Answer 42

Increased

Question 43

As far as being a deterrent the justice policy Center found that about _____ A former inmates will eventually be rearrested and sent back to prison

Answer 43

67%

Question 44

The use of CBT _____ recidivism by more than _____.

Answer 44

Reduced | 1/3

Question 45

What does the term "restitution" mean?

Answer 45

A repayment either through labor or money to right the crime committed

Question 46

Name two ways in which probation is superior to imprisonment

Answer 46

It only cost one third of prison time even though the rarest rate is high it is much better than prison

Question 47

By 1970 and increasing emphasis on victim rights made the public less interested and rehabilitating criminals and more interested in ___________ for their crimes

Answer 47

Making them pay

Question 48

By the 1980s politicians competed for the label of ____________.

Answer 48

Tough on crime

Question 49

At this time the US has imprisoned a larger percentage of its own citizens than any nation in the developed world including apartheid South Africa communist China, saddham husseins and the communist thugs under Joseph Stalin

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Single state California has imprisoned more of its own citizens that has France Germany Great Britain and Japan combined

Answer 50

True

Question 51

List five factors that have contributed to the stunning rise in the rates of imprisonment in America

Answer 51

``` Longer sentences Mandatory sentencing Three strikes law Reduction in the use of parole Increase imprisonment of juveniles ```

Question 52

Who has the highest incarceration rate for any racial are gender group

Answer 52

African Americans

Question 53

______ other prisoners and state and federal prison are male

Answer 53

93%

Question 54

Two processes ______ and ____________ combine to produce an especially brutal environment

Answer 54

Prisonization Street culture Importation of violence

Question 55

Decisions about appropriate punishment for a particular crime depend on the _______ of the crime and also ________ about the crime

Answer 55

Seriousness | Attribution

Question 56

Free choices is thought of as an _______ cause while situational factors are thought of as ________ causes

Answer 56

Internal | External

Question 57

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _________, ________ _______ causes evil the strongest punitive responses

Answer 57

Internal Controllable Stable

Question 58

Women are likely to receive exact punishment as a man For exactly the same crime

Answer 58

False

Question 59

List the four goals of imprisonment

Answer 59

``` Incapacitation Specific deterrence General deterrence Retribution Rehabilitation ```

Question 60

The hope of seeing the suffering of those who are in prison will prevent other people from committing crime is also known as _______

Answer 60

General deterrence

Question 61

The desired to make a criminal pay for his crime is called

Answer 61

Retribution

Question 62

During colonial America only ___ States had built prisons

Answer 62

8

Question 63

The concept of imprisonment as punishment for crime was a new idea. However by 1820 most public officials had come to believe that prisons _______ instead of suppressing it

Answer 63

Spawned crimes

Question 64

During the first half of the 19th century a fundamental shift in thinking about crime occurred. Previously viewed as the product of send people began to realize that _______ was also to blame

Answer 64

Social disorganization

Question 65

By 1900 prisons felt the growing influence of medical and social science as a new ______ model bolstered The commitment to rehabilitation and indeterminate sentencing

Answer 65

Medical

Question 66

What famous piece of research demonstrated that the power imbalance of prison life dramatically and painfully transformed guards and two abusive people and prisoners into passive individuals

Answer 66

Prison stimulation study

Question 67

In most Western democracies the death penalty is viewed as

Answer 67

A violation of basic human rights

Question 68

How many states use the death penalty

Answer 68

35

Question 69

What is the only crime the US that is punishable by death

Answer 69

Murder

Question 70

Constitutional challenges have been based upon the eighth amendments ________ clause

Answer 70

"Cruel and unusual punishment"

Question 71

Who observed that the application of death penalty up to 1972 was freakishly applied with no meaningful basis for when it is imposing when it's not"?

Answer 71

Furman decision

Question 72

As a result of Gregg versus Georgia defendant accused of capital murder I tried by Juriors in a _________ proceeding

Answer 72

Two phase

Question 73

In the sentencing phase jurors are asked to weigh _____ factors against ______ factors in order to the side of the death penalty is fitting

Answer 73

Aggravating | Mitigating

Question 74

Atkins v Virginia eliminator the execution of _____ prisoners

Answer 74

Mentally retarded

Question 75

Ring v Arizona determine that it is unconstitutional for a _______ to determine whether a convicted murderer should be sentenced to death or life in prison

Answer 75

Judge

Question 76

Roper v Simmons abolish the death penalty for _____ offenders

Answer 76

All juvenile

Question 77

If a potential juror express is a lack of willingness to seriously consider execution as a punishment he or she is not permitted to serve on a capital jury this process is referred to as

Answer 77

Voir dire

Question 78

Death qualified jurors are most likely to vote to _____ the defendant

Answer 78

Convict

Question 79

The mere process of death qualification during voir dire is often interpreted by the jurors to mean that both the defense and the prosecution expects

Answer 79

Conviction and a death sentence

Question 80

If instructions to jurors in the sentencing phase of a capital murder case is difficult to understand the juror is likely to rely on their own

Answer 80

Rough translation of the meaning of penalty phase

Question 81

Between 1930 and 1967 455 men were executed for the crime of rape of those ____ were black

Answer 81

89%

Question 82

Wolfgang and reidel found that black man convicted of raping white women were ___ Times more likely to be sentenced to death then any other racial combination

Answer 82

18

Question 83

In mcCleskey v Kemp the supreme court ruled that general statistics regarding racial discrimination in the application of the death sentence where insignificant for an appeal. Rather do the defense would have to prove that the jurors acted with

Answer 83

Discriminatory purpose

Question 84

States with the death penalty have lower murder rates

Answer 84

False

Question 85

Do you murder rates rise in the states that drop the death penalty

Answer 85

No evidence

Question 86

The term _______ describes the fact that murder rates actually rise in the weeks that followed execution

Answer 86

Brutalization effect

Question 87

Leibman, fagan and west found that ____ death penalty is very versed because of serious errors at trial

Answer 87

68%