Final Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes for a cardiac arrest in a pediatric pt.?

A

Respiratory problems like foreign body obstruction

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2
Q

How much millimeters of O2 can a BVM hold?

A

1000-1600 mL when tank at least has 500 psi

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3
Q

Nitroglycerin actions?

A

Vasodilator and decreases cardiac workload

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin contras?

A

Hypotension, head injury, max dose, ED drug, pt. is a child or infant

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5
Q

Bronchodilator do?

A

They relax the smooth muscles in the lower airway causing bronchodilation.

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6
Q

Bronchodilator generic names?

A

Albuterol, and Metaproterenol

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7
Q

Bronchodilator trade names?

A

Proventil, Ventolin, Alupent

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8
Q

Bronchodilator side effects?

A

Tachycardia and agitation

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9
Q

Epinephrine actions?

A

Bronchodilator, vasoconstriction, capillaries become less permeable

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10
Q

Epinephrine side effects?

A

Tachycardia, dizziness, chest pain, headache, NV, anxiety

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11
Q

Nitroglycerin methods of delivery?

A

Spray, sublingual, and a patch

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12
Q

Angina can be a result of?

A

Can result from a vasospasm, but usually a result of CAD

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13
Q

S/S of an AMI

A
Chest pain (pressure, squeezing, dull)
Sudden onset of sweating
N and V
Pain may radiate to lower jaw, arms, neck
Lightheaded
SOB
Dyspnea
Anxiety
Abnormal pulses
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14
Q

Difference between AMI and angina?

A

Angina comes on exertion and leaves w/ rest and an AMI comes on randomly and leaves w/ death

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15
Q

Aspirin indications?

A
Chest pains
Not allergic
No Hx of asthma
Is not already taking medicines to prevent clotting
Is able to swallow
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16
Q

Aspirin contras?

A

Unable to swallow w/o endangering airway, Hx of asthma, has GI ulcer or recent bleeding, pt. has known bleeding disorder, pregnant, recent surgery

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17
Q

Aspirin side effects?

A

N and V, heartburn, if allergic causes bronchospasm and wheezing, bleeding

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18
Q

S/S of CHF

A
Tachycardia 
SOB
Diaphoresis
Orthopnea 
JVD
Anxiety
Rhales from pulmonary edema
Pink frothy Sputnik from pulmonary edema
Pedal edema
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19
Q

Causes of pulmonary embolism?

A
  1. Venous stasis: trapping of blood due to compressions of veins
  2. Venous injury: sometimes from surgery
  3. Increased blood coagulability(dries, and hardens)
  4. Pregnancy
  5. Multiple trauma
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20
Q

S/S of pulmonary embolism?

A
SOB
Acute pleuritic chest pain
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Cyanosis
Tachycardia
Hypoxia
Sudden death
21
Q

Know what your artery of sudden death is?

A

LAD coronary artery due to AMI or Aorta due to blood loss, if both present choose aorta

22
Q

S/S of hypoglycemia:

A
Pale, clammy skin
Diaphoresis
Dizziness, headache
Rapid pounding pulse
Aggressive, confused, lethargic, or unusual behavior
Hunger
Fainting, seizure, or coma
23
Q

Hypoglycemia causes:

A

Too much insulin
Not eating
Vomiting food intake
Overexertion

24
Q

Emergencies before delivery?

A

Maternal hypotension

Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia

25
S/S of maternal hypotension
Shock Low BP Pedal edema
26
Treatment of a maternal hypotension pt.?
Avoid supine position Position in lateral or semi-fowlers position Tilt board if c-spine necessary
27
S/S of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia:
``` Pregnancy induced hypertension Maternal weight gain Hands and feet swelling Proteinuria Headaches, seeing spots, anxiety N&V ```
28
Rx for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
ABCs Lateral position (left) Transport Assist with and monitor IV
29
Load and go or stay and deliver?
``` Due date? In labor already? Which labor stage? (Stage 2=stay and deliver) Determine past pregnancy history. Check for crowning? Keep track of contractions. Is tranportation available? ```
30
Delivery steps?
1. BSI 2. Call for Additional EMS 3. Open OB kit 4. Time contractions 5. Reassure mother 6. Position mother (knee-chest) 7. Never reach into vagina unless breech or prolapsed cord 8. Keep gentle control of baby's head 9. Check for nuchal cord 10. Suction mouth & nose 11. Assist delivery of shoulders- down then up 12. Dry and warm the baby 13. APGAR (at 1 and 5 min), time of delivery 14. Cut the cord
31
Complicated deliveries?
``` Nuchal cord Amniotic sac not ruptured Meconium (baby has a bowel movement) Breech presentation Prolapsed cord Multiple Premature infants ```
32
After birth Rx for excessive bleeding >250-500 cc?
Save pads Treat for shock O2 via NRB Massage Fundus
33
Rx for resuscitating a baby?
``` Stimulate breathing by rubbing Blow-by air over the baby Start with ventilation 40-60/min Recheck pulse after ventilating 30 sec If pulse is ```
34
Qs for seizure pt.?
What did it look like? Where/how did it start? Was it a fall then seize or a seize then fall? Has the pt. been medication compliant?
35
Stroke terminology?
Hemiparesis: weakness on half of the body Hemiplegia: paralysis on half of the body Dysarthria: inability to speak clearly Aphasia: inability to speak or understand (expressive or receptive) Diplopia: double vision Convulsions: muscle contractions
36
S/S of a Ischemic Stroke
``` Hemi-paresis/plegia Numbness on one side of the body Aphasia Confusion Diplopia Convulsions Headache and dizziness ```
37
S/S of a hemorrhagic stroke?
None, usually asymptomatic until attack
38
Hypotension pt. order of Rx?
Position(supine) High flow O2 Prevent heat loss Transport
39
S/S of heat stroke:
Initial: hot, flushed skin; may or may not sweat; rapid pulse; confusion, weakness, anxiety Later: CNS-agitation, seizures, coma; vasodilation; digestive system failure
40
How should the amniotic sac look like?
1. Clear | 2. If dark or murky fluid indicates Meconium staining, which indicates fetus or neonate in destress.
41
PAT components: ped triangle?
1. Appearance (mental/AVPU, body position, muscle tone 2. Breathing (visible movement, effort, audible sounds) 3. Circulation (skin color, temp, cap refill) Two assessments: first- general impression "from the door" Second- hands on confirms initial impression
42
S/S of dehydration in Peds?
``` Dry mucous membrane Inability to produce tears Sunken fontanelles Sleepy/irritable Fewer wet diapers Dry lips/gums ```
43
Rx for febrile seizures?
``` Cooling measures Transport Get history Begin BVM if not improved No alcohol or cold water to cool ```
44
S/S of head injury?
``` Deformity of the skull Unequal pupils Battle signs Ecchymosis Raccoon eyes Cushing's triad Projectile vomiting Loss of CSM Seizures ```
45
Rx of head injuries?
``` C-spine ABCs C-collar Administer high O2 Talk to pt. provide emotional support Manage secondary injuries and wounds Be prepared for vomiting Transport and monitor V/S ```
46
Initial response steps?
Triage Rx Communications Transport
47
Best location to park ambulance on freeway?
In the downstream shadow w/ loading doors pointed towards the accident
48
Subcutaneous emphysema found w/.....
Primarily found w/ fractured larynx but may also be in a pneumothorax