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Final Flashcards

1
Q

Ethanol: Tk

A

readily absorbed orally, widely distributed in CNS

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2
Q

Ethanol: MoA

A

CNS depression

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3
Q

Ethanol: Signs

A

CNS depression, abnormal behavior, vomiting, ataxia, dehydration

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4
Q

Ethanol: Dx

A

ID it (blood), history, signs

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5
Q

Ethanol: Tx

A

supportive

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6
Q

Phenolic Compounds: Tk

A

readily absorbed in GI, poor absorption through skin

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7
Q

Phenolic Compounds: Use

A

Cleaning products (lysol)

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8
Q

Phenolic Compounds: MoA

A

denature and precipitate proteins, hepato-/nephro-/neurotoxic

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9
Q

Phenolic Compounds: Signs

A

MM coagulative necrosis/ulcerations, ataxia, weakness

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10
Q

Phenolic Compounds: Dx

A

ID it (urine), History, signs

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11
Q

Phenolic Compounds: Tx

A

detox, supportive

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12
Q

Detergents: Classifications

A

Nonionic - soaps
Anionic - laundry/dishwasher detergent
Cationic - fabric softeners

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13
Q

Detergents: MoA

A

corrosive

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14
Q

Detergents: Signs

A

nausea, v/d, colic, irritation

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15
Q

Detergents: Dx

A

history, signs

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16
Q

Detergents: Tx

A

Detox, supportive

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17
Q

Bleach: MoA

A

releases Cl gas when combined with acid/ammonia, corrosive

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18
Q

Bleach: Signs

A

GI + Resp. irritation

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19
Q

Bleach: Tx

A

detox, supportive

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20
Q

Xylitol: Use

A

sugar substitute

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21
Q

Xylitol: Tk

A

readily absorbed in GI

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22
Q

Xylitol: MoA

A

potent insulin release promoter

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23
Q

Xylitol: Signs

A

hypoglycemia, liver failure

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24
Q

Xylitol: Dx

A

history, signs

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25
Xylitol: Tx
detox, supportive
26
Methylxanthines: Use
chocolate, caffeine
27
Methylxanthines: Tk
readily absorbed in GI, widely distributed throughout the body, crosses BBB, enterohepatic recycling
28
Methylxanthines: MoA
inhibits phosphodiesterases
29
Methylxanthines: Signs
nausea, v/d, hyperactivity, ataxia
30
Methylxanthines: Dx
history, signs
31
Methylxanthines: Tx
detox, supportive
32
Ammonia (NH): Sources
decomposing manure, fertilizer
33
Ammonia (NH): Properties
heavier than air, sharp odor
34
Ammonia (NH): Tk
absorbed by inhalation
35
Ammonia (NH): MoA
mm irritant, inc. susceptibility to resp. infection
36
Ammonia (NH): Signs
red mm, lacrimation, cough, sneezing
37
Ammonia (NH): Dx
history, signs
38
Ammonia (NH): Tx
detox (ventilation), supportive
39
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): Source
decomposing urine/feces, natural gas
40
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): Properties
rotten eggs odor, heavier than air, flammable,
41
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): Tk
readily absorbed by inhalation/ingestion, converted in blood
42
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): MoA
mm irritant, inhibits cellular respiration
43
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): Signs
sudden death, cyanosis, dyspnea, dark blood, odor
44
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): Dx
history, signs
45
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): Tx
detox (ventilation), supportive
46
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Source
fire, propane, vehicle exaust
47
Carbon Monoxide (CO): MoA
replaces oxygen on hemoglobin
48
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Signs
sudden death, hypoxia, drowsiness, ataxia, dyspnea, red mm/blood
49
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Dx
ID it (air, blood), history, signs
50
Carbon Monoxide (CO): Tx
detox, supportive
51
Nitrogen Oxide (NO2): Source
incomplete fermentation (silage)
52
Nitrogen Oxide (NO2): Properties
yellow-brown color, heavier than air, chlorine like odor
53
Nitrogen Oxide (NO2): MoA
mm irritant, lung damage
54
Nitrogen Oxide (NO2): Signs
dyspnea, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, methemoglobin
55
Nitrogen Oxide (NO2): Dx
history, signs
56
Nitrogen Oxide (NO2): Tx
detox (ventilation), supportive
57
Sulfur Oxide (SO2): Source
industrial pollutants
58
Sulfur Oxide (SO2): MoA
mm irritant, lung damage
59
Sulfur Oxide (SO2): Signs
cough, dyspnea, cyanosis
60
Sulfur Oxide (SO2): Dx
history, signs
61
Sulfur Oxide (SO2): Tx
detox, supportive
62
Smoke Inhalation: MoA - Simple Asphyxiation
lack of O2 in air
63
Smoke Inhalation: MoA - Irritants
chemical irritant in air
64
Smoke Inhalation: MoA - Chemical Asphyxiation
chemicals in air => asphyxiation
65
Smoke Inhalation: Signs
cough, dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxia
66
Smoke Inhalation: Dx
History, signs
67
Smoke Inhalation: Tx
detox, supportive
68
Petroleum Products: Types
Crude, Refined
69
Crude Oil: Subsets
Sweet - gasoline | Sour - lubricant oils
70
Refined Products: Subsets
``` Aliphatic hydrocarbons - 5C chains (Gasoline) Chlorinated Aliphatic (DDT) Aromatic Hydrocarbons (benzene) ```
71
Petroleum Products: Tk
readily absorbed in GI/skin/inhalation, smaller mol. wt = faster absorption,
72
Petroleum Products: MoA
aspiration pneumonia, GI irritant
73
Petroleum Products: Signs
aspiration pneumonia, v/d, CNS depression, odor, mm ulcers
74
Petroleum Products: Dx
ID it (GI), history, signs
75
Petroleum Products: Tx
detox, supportive
76
Fluoride: Use
wood treatment, plant insecticide
77
Fluoride: Tk
readily absorbed in GI, distributed throughout the body, stored in bone/teeth
78
Fluoride: MoA
caustic, altered mineralization of teeth
79
Fluoride: Signs
Acute - Rapid onset, hemorrhagic GI, weakness | Chronic - intermittent lameness, mottled teeth, brown colored teeth
80
Fluoride: Dx
ID it (bone, feed/water), history, signs
81
Fluoride: Tx
rebalance Vit. D, Ca, P, supportive
82
Nitrate/Nitrite: Source
accumulation in the stalks of pigweed, lamb's quarters, and alfalfa
83
Nitrate/Nitrite: Tk
nitrate -> nitrite -> ammonia
84
Nitrate/Nitrite: MoA
forms methemoglobin
85
Nitrate/Nitrite: Signs
Sudden death, rapid onset, tachypnea, dyspnea, ataxia, cyanosis, abortion
86
Nitrate/Nitrite: Dx
ID it (feed, blood), history, signs, Diphenylamine Test
87
Nitrate/Nitrite: Tx
detox, supportive
88
Cyanide: Source
Seeds of Wild Cherries
89
Cyanide: Tk
rapidly absorbed by ingestion/inhalation/skin, distributed throughout the body
90
Cyanide: MoA
Acute - blocks electron transport chain | Chronic - Neuronal degeneration and demyelination of spinal cord and brain
91
Cyanide: Signs - Acute
peracute onset -> death
92
Cyanide: Signs - Chronic
posterior paralysis, incontinance
93
Cyanide: Dx
ID it (feed, blood), Na Picrate Paper Test, history, signs
94
Cyanide: Tx
Na Nitrite, detox, supportive
95
Soluble Oxalate: Source
leaves of pigweed, lamb's quaters, and sorrel
96
Soluble Oxalate: Tk
Ca rich diet forms insoluble Ca oxalate
97
Soluble Oxalate: MoA
combine with Ca in blood, precipitates in tissue (kidney)
98
Soluble Oxalate: Signs
hypocalcemia, Ca oxalate crystals, depression, weakness, oliguria,
99
Soluble Oxalates: Dx
history, signs
100
Soluble Oxalates: Tx
detox, supportive
101
Insoluble Oxalates: Plants
Araceae Family
102
Insoluble Oxalates: MoA
mechanical irritant
103
Isocupressic Acid: Plants
Ponderosa pine
104
Isocupressic Acid: MoA
vasoconstriction
105
Quinones: Plants
St. John's Wort, buckweat
106
Quinones: MoA
primary photosensitizatiion
107
Tannic Acid: Plant
Oaks
108
Tannic Acid: MoA
GI + Kidney damage
109
Triterpene Acids: Plant
Latana, Verbenaceae
110
Triterpene Acids: MoA
secondary photosensitization
111
Colchicine: Plants
Liliaceae
112
Colchicine: MoA
antimitotic
113
Diterpene Alkaloids: Plants
Ranunculaceae (buttercups)
114
Diterpene Alkaloids: MoA
nicotinic receptor blocker
115
Ergot Alkaloids: Plant
Ergot
116
Ergot Alkaloids: MoA
vasocontriction => gangrene
117
Indolizidine Alkaloids: Plants
Astragalus spp., Fabaceae
118
Indolizidine Alkaloids: MoA
inhibit ATP production
119
Lycorine: Plant
Amaryllidaceae (daffodils, lillies)
120
Lycorine: MoA
Emetic
121
Muscarine: Plant
Amanita muscaria (mushroom)
122
Muscarine MoA
muscarinic agonist
123
Piperidine Alkaloids: Plants
Hemlock, Nicotana sp. (tobaccos)
124
Piperidine Alkaloids: MoA
Nicotinic agonists
125
Pyridine Alkaloids: Plants
Solanaceae (Nightshades)
126
Pyridine Alkaloids: MoA
Nicotinic agonists
127
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Plants
Rattlebox, ragwort
128
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: MoA
Hepatotoxic
129
Solanine/Solanidine Alkaloids: Plants
Solanaceae (Nightshades)
130
Solanine/Solanidine Alkaloids: MoA
atropine like effects
131
Taxine Alkaloids: Plant
Yews
132
Taxine Alkaloids: MoA
cardiotoxic
133
Tropane Alkaloids: Plants
Datura sp
134
Tropane Alkaloids: MoA
atropine Like effects
135
Anthraquinones: Plants
Rhamnus sp., coffeeweed
136
Anthraquinones: MoA
purgative
137
Calcinogenic Glycosides: Plant
Day-blooming Jessamine
138
Calcinogenic Glycosides: MoA
hypercalcemia => Ca deposition in elastic tissue
139
Carboxyatractyloside: Plant
cocklebur
140
Carboxyatractyloside: MoA
hepatotoxic
141
Cardiac Glycosides: Plants
Olenader, foxglove, milkweed
142
Cardiac Glycosides: MoA
cardiotoxic
143
Coumarin Glycosideds: Plant
Sweet clover
144
Coumarin Glycosides: MoA
Vit. K antagonist (warfarin like)
145
Cycasin: Plants
Cycadaceae, Zamiaceae
146
Cycasin: MoA
GI irritant, hepatotoxic
147
Glucosinolate: Plants
Brassica sp., soybean
148
Glucosinolate: MoA
antithyroid
149
Nitropropanol Glycoside: Plants
Violets, lotus
150
Nitropropanol Glycoside: MoA
neurotoxic
151
Phytoestrognes: Plants
clover, alfalfa
152
Phytoestrogens: MoA
estrogen receptor agonist
153
Protoanemonin: Plants
Ranunculaceae (buttercup)
154
Protoanemonin: MoA
GI irritant, dermatitis
155
Ptaquiloside: Plant
bracken fern
156
Ptaquiloside: MoA
toxic to hematopoetic cells, UB cancer
157
Steroidal Saponins: Plants
Agavaceae
158
Steroidal Saponins: MoA
secondary photosensitization
159
Gossypol: Plant
cottonseed
160
Gossypol: MoA
cardiotoxic
161
Dimethyl Disulfide: Plants
mustards
162
Dimethyl Disulfide: MoA
heinz body formation
163
Diterpene Esters: Plants
Eurphorbiaceae
164
Diterpene Esters: MoA
direct irritation of skin and mm
165
Grayanotoxins: Plants
Ericaceae
166
Grayanotoxins: MoA
bind excitable Na channels
167
Lectins: Plants
castor bean, precatory bean
168
Lectins: MoA
inhibit protein synthesis
169
Meliatoxins: Plant
chinaberry
170
Meliatoxins: MoA
entero/neurotoxic
171
Propyl Disulfide: Plants
Allium spp.
172
Propyl Disulfide: MoA
heinz body formation
173
Tetradymol: Plant
horsebrush
174
Tetradymol: MoA
secondary photosensitizatin
175
Thiaminase: Plants
horsetail, bracken fern
176
Thiaminase: MoA
destroys Vit. B1 => deficiency
177
Triterpenoid Saponins: Plants
alfalfa, Ilex spp., english ivy
178
Triterpenoid Saponins: MoA
GI irritant
179
Resin/Resinoid: Plants
milkweed, marijuana, chinaberry
180
Resin/Resinoid: MoA
nervous + muscle irritant
181
Unclassified: Clover - MoA
secondary photosensitization
182
Unclassified: Avacado - MoA
cardiotoxic and agalactic in goats, horses, rabbits, and caged birds
183
Unclassified: Black Walnut - MoA
shavings cause laminitis in horses
184
Unclassified: Grapes/Rasins - MoA
acute renal failure in dogs
185
Unclassified: Lily - MoA
nephrotoxicity in cats
186
Unclassified: Red Maple - MoA
heinz body formation in horses
187
Unclassified: Senna - MoA
myotoxic
188
Unclassified: Yellow Starthistle - MoA
nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses
189
Unclassified: Macademia Nuts - MoA
locomotor signs

Toxicology (3 decks)

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