What does the name “Ataturk” mean?
Father of the Turks
What was the name Ataturk was born with?
Mustafa Kemal
How did Ataturk stand up against European Powers?
After WWI and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Ataturk was considered the driving force behind the creation of a modern (western), secular Turkey.
What influence did Ataturk have on Turkey’s Government?
He allowed the Turkish parliament to remain open and adopted the French model of separation off State and Religion.
Who was John Maynard Keynes?
A British Economist who revolutionized the theory and practice of modern macroeconomics.
What is the “Boom and Bust” cycle?
In times of depression/recession the state need to stimulate the economy by spending. Keynes believed the key to this was the government’s intervention in the economy.
Who was the founding member of the Chinese Communist Party?
Mao
What did Mao’s military lead grass roots movements became know as?
The “People’s War”
After Mao succeed in taking over China, what republic did he find?
The People’s Republic of China
Which social class did Mao favor?
Peasants
How did Gandhi become the most prominent advocate for nonviolence?
He protested for the independence of India from British imperialism
What were many of Gandhi’s protest targeted at?
He protested against imported British produces (textiles and salt) and civil disobedience.
What was the cause of Lenin’s hate toward Russian aristocracy?
His brother was assassinated
How did Lenin make a bid for power?
After the fall of the tsar, Lenin led the Bolshevik group and after a successful coup, Lenin became the leader of the new Communist Russia
Which radical writer was Lenin Fascinated with?
Karl Marx
What happened to Lenin after he died?
He was mummified.
Who became Lenin’s successor?
Stalin
What was Stalin’s views on agricultural policies?
He is well known for his policies in collectivization of agriculture (particularly of anything once owned by the Kulak (wealthy farmers) the people were then either executed or relocated).
What social class was Lenin born part of?
A well-educated middle-class
What was Stalin’s father’s job?
He was a poor Georgian cobbler
Who were Lenin’s two head men?
Stalin and Trotsky
Who created the “Hammer and Sickle” red flag?
Trotsky
What happened to Trotsky after Lenin’s death?
He competed with Stalin to becoming the next leader, he lost was forced into exile and was later assassinated under Stalin’s orders.
What career did Hitler try to pursue prior to joining the army?
Art in Austria
Why did Hitler shift to radical views and whom did he blame?
He was ashamed and upset by Germanys defeat in WWI and gained Anti-Semitic views believing the Jews were responsible for his counties loss and disgrace.
What book does Hitler write in prison and what is it about?
Mein Kampf, which describes his plan to rid Germany of Jews and the superiority of the Aryan race
What political party does Hitler create and what position was he placed in?
He formed the Nazi party and became the Chancellor and later the Emperor of all Germany
What job did Mussolini hold prior to forming his political part and what was the name of the party?
He was a journalist for a socialist newspaper, until disagreements with other socialist concerning WWI led him to found the Italian Combat Squad.
Who formed the Italian Combat Squad and what did they denounce?
War Veterans in black shirts whom denounced both communism and democracy.
How did Mussolini demand Italian premiership and what did he do to insure he stayed in power?
He threatened a Blackshirt march on Rome and later abloished elections, established strict censorship, and organized a secret police.
Who was Prime Minsiter of Britain through most of WWII?
Churchill
What speech is Chruichill best known for?
The Iron Curtain Speech
Who were members of the Big Three?
Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt and Churchill
What movement did Josef Tito Lead?
Took over Yugoslavia’s government with help from the Soviets, believed to be one of the most effective resistance movements in Europe during WWII
Who did Josef Tito provide aid to and why?
Greek communists in their efforts to overthrow the government and they were successful
Who was Stalin’s successor of the USSR?
Khrushchev
What did Khrushchev change from Stalin’s previous rule?
He denounced many of Stalin’s actions during the purges and collectivization policies from the 1930’s
How did Khrushchev reinvigorate the Soviet Union?
They began participating in the Olympics, major investments to agriculture, housing, consumer goods, and expand aid to foreign nationalist regimes in Asia and Africa.
Why did Khrushchev resign?
After backing down during the Cuban Missile Crisis the Soviet Politburo sought to oust him, so he resigned
How did Deng Xiaoping reform China’s economy after Mao’s death?
He combined socialist ideology with market economy practices
Who was the main leader of China from 1978-1992?
Deng Xiaoping
Who was the last leader of the Soviet Union?
Mikhail Gorbachev
What were Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas, which helped contribute to the end of the Cold War?
Glasnost(openness) and perestroika (restructuring)
Who was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and leader of the 1979 revolution to overthrow the Shah?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Who was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary and major figure of the Cuban revolution?
Che Guevara
Who was the leader of the Egyptian Revolution in 1952 and second president of Egypt?
Nasser
What was Nasser praised and criticized for?
Praised for his strides towards social justice and anit-imperialism and criticized for his authoritarianism and human rights violations
Who was the first prime-minister of India?
Nehru
What did Nehru want to do to modernize India?
He supported technology and capitalism and created a 5 year plan for modernization by taking good parts of US and Soviet Union and creating a 3rd type of government/economy
Who was the South Korean president, dictator and military general from 1961-1979?
Park Chung-hee
How did Park Chung-hee die and what war did he participate in?
He was assassinated by his own chief of security and participated in the Vietnam war at request of the US
What was the inspiration for the Vietnam War?
Ho Chi Minh wanted to unite Vietnam under communist rule
How did Ho Chi Minh become prime minister and President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?
He was a Vietnamese communist revolution leader and the the Viet Minh independence movement against the French Union
What happened to Vietnam after gaining independence?
It was split with a communist North and a non-communist South
What was Detente?
it response to how shaken the USSR and US were to nuclear wae, under the US and USSR entered a period of tranquil relations known as Detente
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
The right for Soviets and Warsaw pact to forcibly restrain and member country attempting to abandon socialism and the alliance with the Soviet Union