Final Flashcards
(35 cards)
Hoyo Negro
Naia, adult female between 10,000 to 20,000 BP
Found sinkhole cenote near tulum mexico by cave diggers
Associated with prehistoric animals – sloth sabertooth cats etc.
Native American DNA
Dive into sinkhole under water found 2014
When water level was lower people could have lived in caves animals may have fallen into holes from above
Evidence of intentional burial
One of the earliest skeletons Mesoamerican
Sir Leonard Woolley
1880 to 1960
British archeologist who excavated Royal cemetery of UR Mesopotamia
What do first to excavate methodically and utilize records to reconstruct ancient life
Queen Pu Abi tomb
First to propose flood in book of Genesis was local and identified flood Stratum at Ur
Forensic anthropology
Subfield of physical anthropology (study of human remains) involves applying skeletal analysis and techniques in archeology to solve criminal cases
Hatshepsut
15 century B.C.E.
1508 to 1458 B.C.E.
Longest reigning female pharaoh – 20 years
Married to Thutmose II when he died she became pharaoh as a regent to stepson Thutmose III as he was too young to rain – he never became pharaoh and she peaceably reigned built temples and monuments
Built Djeser Dejeseru dedicated to Amon pair of red granite obelisks
May have died from ointment with a toxic ingredients for skin condition
Fag el Gamous
Fag el gamous- fayuum egypt
- millions burials there (estimated) - deep shafts cut into limestone large and dense
Ancient cemetery- discovered 1980
Btwn 1-7 centuries AD during roman rule
Including 7 ft tall man and 18 month old infant
People of low status with little gave goods and no coffins
Preservation due to climate but only one actual mummy found there
Cannibalism
Cannibalism- the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other humans
Tooth eruption
Tooth eruption- a way to determine skeleton age at death by tooth eruption because it is predictable at different ages
Mycenae
Archeological site in Greece. Southwest of Athens
Second millennium B.C.E. and was one of the major centres of Greek civilization
1602 1100 B.C.E.
30,000 population at peak
Ancient cemetery acropolis
Discovered in 1877 by Stamatkis
Grave circles from different time periods
Do neolithic to bronze age to Helladic
Burial and grave goods found
Lions gate
Real skeletons with gold death mask- hendrich schleiman discovered but controversial
Kennewick man- James Chatters
Columbia river Washington 1996
Men’s swimming in the river found skeletal remains called authorities
Remains turned out to be 8500-year-old Native American
James chatters was the archeologist to collected bones and had originally concluded remains were Caucasian
DNA testing prove them to be Native Americans and they were reburied by native American tribes this year
Cardiff Giant
Discovered 1869 by stub Newell upstate New York
10 foot tall stone man petrified
Attracted tourists and was profitable
Newell was found to be bragging about the hoax
Scientific community was sceptical
JrBoynonton of university of Pennsylvania found the sculpture to be made of soft gypsum and buried a year before
Declared a fake and White racism to discredit natives
Clovis Child, Anzick
Discovered Wilsall Montana 1968
Paleo Indian infant male
12,707 to 12,556 BP
Found with 150 stone tools antlers and covered in red Oak or with honorary burial
Only human discovered from Clovis complex
And first Native American genome to be fully sequenced
Found Siberian ancestry and close genetic relationship to central and south American’s
Supports hypothesis that North Americans originated in Asia and crossed Beringia
Native Americans upset that remains were taken without consultation and they were reburied to 2014
Great serpent mound
Ohio burial mound 500 BC to 700 ad
Adena culture, hopewell and fort cultures
Status differentiation – the leads mountains – commoners cremation
Highly polished stone pipes importance of tobacco
Spearheads in projectile points found
Mound is the shape of a serpent
first reported from surveys by Ephraim Squire and Edwin Davis in their historic volume Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, published in 1848 by Smithsonian Museum.
Mound builders
Equals vanished race
Sixteenth-century Spanish explorers made contact with natives living in a number of later Mississippian cities, described their cultures, and left artifacts.[2] By the time of United States westward expansion two hundred years later, Native Americans were generally not knowledgeable about the civilizations that produced the mounds.[citation needed] Research and study of these cultures and peoples has been based mostly on archaeology and anthropology.
Stone tablets with European and Asian and African inscriptions
North Americans at contact had no knowledge of mound building
Found artefacts of silvered iron etc. found in mounds
3500- 16 CE
Adena, hopewell cultures – Woodland period
Archaic the Mississippian periods
Thomas Jefferson
Archeologist who excavated burial mounds in Virginia 1780s and published findings
Questioned the origin of Aboriginal in the region
Developed archeological methodology and he directed Louis and Clark to investigate Irish Mandan near Canadian border
Grave Creekstone
West Virginia mound 1838
Small Samstone disc in scribed on one side with 25 characters
Discovered in Upper Volta mound with beads seashells copper bracelets 150 plates of Mica
Phonecian and Norse text?’s
Hoax again to discredit natives
Windover
BOg
Early archaic. 6000 to 5000 B.C.E.
Archeological site into the Tutusville Florida USA
168 skeletons found in a Pete bog with great preservation including brain tissue
Adult males females and children found good friends like evidence of disease and trauma
Organic artefacts found
Limestone sinkhole sceptre Arian cave area people lived in
Temple of inscriptions
Palenque site Chiapas mexico Mayan civilization Step pyramid Upper temple back panel many texts hieroglyphics related to genealogy and Lineage history of King Pakal Who is buried at the pyramid lift until he was eighty years old Tunnel inside leads to chamber Sacrificial victims found Elaborate sarcophagus one solid piece of stone
Crystal skulls
Found at Chichen Itza cenote
Related to as Aztec and mayan and civilizations pre-Columbian
Carved out of solid rock crystal
Many fakes out there
Cenote of Sacrifice
Northern Yucatán Chechen Itza cenote Seven wonders of ancient world Major architecture two hours from Cancun Cenote sink holes around it National Geographic expedition found gold and turquoise Similar to skulls of Monte Alban incense Skull burners Mayan civilization Human remains showed signs of sacrifice
Margarita tomb
Copan Honduras
Copan dynasty
Early pre classic to post classic
Wealthy tomb Red ochre
Hi rate of ruling females in tombs
Multi level two with one of the highest cachesever associated with the burial of a mayan woman
Over 2000 offerings found in tomb - royal burial
One archaeologist Robert J. Sharer along with his colleagues who were on the dig, believe the remains are of the wife of the founder of Copán, K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’. Because she was found covered in the red cinnabar she is also known as “The Lady in Red.”
Tikal
Largest of the Mayans cities
Precolumbian
Population 700,000
500-800 CE
Rain forest of Guatemala
Monumental buildings – platform bases – pyramids
buildings on top with rooms
Restricted space at the top possibly for autosacrifice – stab yourself to herbs to blood to paper burn to the heaven
Come out of room to report visions or signs
Carved monuments in walking spaces – hieroglyphics in calendar information
Red Queen
Ancient Mayan city Palenque, Chapias Mexico
600-700aD
Small pyramid beside Temple of the inscriptions
Camera dropped inside tomb
Female found with red Ochre lots of jewellery and head piece
60 yrs old when died- severe osteoporosis
May have been wife or mother or relative of king Pakal who’s temple is right next to it
Discovered 1994-Arnoldo Gonzales Cruz
Called red queen because The remains and grave good of the noblewoman were covered in Cinnabar powder
Sican
Sican culture named by Izumi Shemata Preceded Inca empire Peru descendants of Moche civilization 750-1350CE Monumental architecture- Huaca del sol - pyramid structure Royal Tombs of Sipan
The tombs of Sipán allowed for archaeologists and anthropologists to get a better understanding of the Sacrifice Ceremony of the Sipán rulers that had been illustrated on murals, ceramics, and other decorative goods.[5] The Sacrifice Ceremonies were often depicted with prisoners among gods or royalty.[6] The tombs at Sipán showed that rulers actually took part in such Sacrifice Ceremonies when looking at the artifacts uncovered including: adornments and a headdress that matched the illustrations of the ceremony along with large knives and tools that would have been used for bloodletting and decapitation.[7][8]
San hose de Moro
Moche culture
Nw peru
Ceremonial funerary complex btwn 400-1000AD
Famous tombs of priestesses- governors of the valley
Excavations started in 1991 lLuis castillo
3 diff. Types of tombs (pit, boot and chamber) and large spaces for production and storage of chicha- alcohol
