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Flashcards in Final Deck (29)
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1
Q

what is the only modality that accomplishes normalization of movement?

A

exercise

2
Q

what are the effects of exercise? (5)

A
  • Strength
  • Endurance
  • Joint Flexibility
  • Coordination/Balance
  • Improved sense of well-being
3
Q

what is involved with support during exercise?

A
  • promote motion
  • relive stress to joint or area
  • control weight of the body part
  • compensate for muscle loss
4
Q

what is involved with stability during exercise?

A
  • Prohibits, limits, or avoids movement
  • Protects the site of healing fracture
  • Protects soft tissue subject to trauma
  • Protects healing musculotendinous structures
  • Prohibits movement of an uninvolved joint or body part
  • Grasp above and below the site
  • Outside force may be used
5
Q

PROM exercise

A

movement created by an external force to maintain unrestricted joint range (versus passive stretch used to increase joint ROM)

6
Q

AAROM exercise

A

movement that combines voluntary contraction of muscle(s) and an external force to increase joint ROM

7
Q

AROM exercise

A

movement produced from active, voluntary contraction of muscle(s) to increase strength, coordination, and endurance

8
Q

indications for PROM exercise

A
  • patient unable to perform active exercise
  • avoid active exercise in unhealed areas
  • counteract effects of immobilization
  • DECREASE PAIN
9
Q

limitations of PROM exercise

A
  • can’t prevent atrophy
  • can’t maintain stength, tone, endurance
  • DOES NOT NORMALIZE MOVEMENT
10
Q

contraindications of PROM exercise

A
  • increased symptoms
  • intensifies condition
  • person is capable of AROM
11
Q

indications for AROM

A
  • patient able to contract and control muscles

- no contraindications

12
Q

benefits of AROM

A
  • strength, endurance, elasticity, coordination
  • increasing local circulation
  • DECREASING PAIN
13
Q

what is isotonic movement?

A

visible joint movement

14
Q

define eccentric, concentric, isometric, isokinetic

A
  • eccentric: fibers lengthen
  • concentric: fibers shorten
  • isometric: muscle contraction with joint movement
  • isokinetic: same speed throughout movement
15
Q

what is active resistive exercise?

A

requires additional resistance, such as weights (resistance training)

16
Q

what are the phases of gait in the correct order?

A

(1) initial contact (heel strike)
(2) loading response (foot flat)
(3) midstance
(4) terminal stance (heel off)
(5) preswing (toe off)
(6) inital swing (acceleration)
(7) midswing
(8) terminal swing (deceleration)

17
Q

what AD gives you the most stability?

A

parallel bars

18
Q

what is required of the patient for axillary crutches?

A
  • coordination and balance

- be aware they put pressure on axillary area with improper use

19
Q

what is required of the patient for Lofstrand crutches?

A
  • less trunk stability than axillary crutches

- increased UE strength and trunk control

20
Q

what factors should you consider when selecting an AD? (4)

A
  • pre-ambulatory activities
  • physical condition
  • physiological condition
  • psychological condition
21
Q

what are the first 4 stages of gait?

A

(1) Heel Strike (initial contact)
(2) Foot Flat (loading response)
(3) Midstance
(4) Terminal Stance (Heel Off)

22
Q

what are the last 4 stages of gait?

A

(1) pre-swing (Toe Off)
(2) Initial swing (acceleration)
(3) Midswing
(4) Terminal swing (deceleration)

23
Q

what percentage of gait is stance and swing?

A

60% stance, 40% swing

24
Q

seat width

A

widest part of body +2”

25
Q

seat depth

A

posterior glutes to popliteal fold -2”

26
Q

leg length

A

popliteal fold to heel

27
Q

seat height

A

leg length +2”

28
Q

arm rest height

A

seat to olecranon (with arm flexed at 90) +1”

29
Q

back height

A

from chair to axilla with arm flexed to 90 -4”