Final Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
How long does Chlorohexidin last?
A
8-12hrs
2
Q
Which procedure would be best indicated to perform shortening of the oral commissure after?
A
total hemi-mandibulectomy- incision is so far back and now you don’t have that side of the mandible there for
support
3
Q
Which graft requires a bed of granulation tissue before placement?
A
punch graft
4
Q
What is the main indication for ‘Tubing the flap’?
A
It is a second option instead of bridging incision
5
Q
Older dog, crown of tooth fractured off and pulp is exposed, what should you do?
A
Complete root canal and seal over
6
Q
A dog comes in the next day and owner said tooth was loose. Based on the image, what occurred?
A
tooth luxation
7
Q
Which of the following surgery would be indicated for the above procedure? (tooth luxation)
A
extract the tooth- not viable more than 30mins
8
Q
Dog with prosthetic hip and coming in for GI obstruction surgery, and you give him Abx 30 mins prior to the procedure,
what kind of Abx administration is this?
A
prophylactic abx
9
Q
Wet to dry bandage is indicated for which situation?
A
Infected traumatic wound with Debris – wet-to dry (adherent bandage) is used for microdebridement.
10
Q
Based on this pic, which would stimulate granulation tissue the fastest?
A
VAC
11
Q
Image of salivary mucocele sx and had 2 arrows, what are these arrows pointing to?
A
Digastricus muscle and lingual nerve
12
Q
Which of the following surgical procedures is indicated for this (picture) labial flap?
A
Single advancement pedicle flap
13
Q
What is an axial pattern flap?
A
Transpositional flap
14
Q
What is the diagnostic tool of choice for foreign body causing obstruction?
A
US
15
Q
Dog gets a traumatic wound and you decide to wait a day to close it?
A
delayed primary closure- bc there is no granulation tissue formation before you suture
16
Q
Which option is most likely to reduce number of bacteria in a wound with moderate pressure?
A
20-60cc and 18G needle
17
Q
Which NOT an advantage of active drains over passive drains?
a. Decreased risk of infection
b. Decreased risk of maceration around drain opening
c. Ability to quantify drainage
d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less
A
d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less
18
Q
Which allows you to decrease dead space while advancing skin?
A
Walking sutures
19
Q
What is the elevator within, as a landmark for extraction? (Image of an elevator in the tooth furcation)
A
Furcation – in extraction of multi-rooted teeth, we section the tooth at the furcation of roots (bw them)
20
Q
In male dogs, you sometimes stop the incision cranial to the prepuce for a celiotomy. T/F
A
false- No, you pull the prepuce laterally and make incision slightly paramedian but don’t stop cranial to it
21
Q
Lesion in the mid-rectum, not in the abdominal cavity OR anal canal. Which of the following approach would you use?
A
dorsal approach
22
Q
Dog with hemoabdomen. The owner wants to know what is the % chance it’s a BENIGN tumor?
A
25%
75%- chance of malignant tumor
23
Q
Which of the following is NOT an indication for Nephrouretectomy?
a. Hematuria secondary to blunt trauma to the abdomen
b. Avulsion of the renal pedicle
c. Unilateral renal adenocarcinoma
d. Unilateral uncontrollable pyelonephritis
e. Idiopathic renal hematuria
A
a. Hematuria secondary to blunt trauma to the abdomen
24
Q
If you perform a bilroth 2 and … , what do you have to do?
a. Cholecystectomy
b. Cholecystoduodenostomy
c. cholecystojejunostomy
A
c. cholecystojejunostomy- bc the duodenum was removed
25
Which CS of pyometra with remain the longest after OVH procedure?
anemia
26
What do you NOT use for cervical vertebral stabilization?
segmental stabilization- this is only for thoracolumbar
27
Pic of a physeal fx and asked what it was?
a. Salter harris type 2
For the above case, if this was an 11 month old lab, how would you repair it?
a. Cross pins – bc if \> 10 months you can use cross pins (if \< 10mo use IM pin)
28
What is the best bone graft?
cancellous autograph
29
Which causes the most blood supply compromise?
a. Locking plate in neutralization
b. Lag screw
c. Skewer pin
a. Locking plate in neutralization
30
Would we use a tension band on a long oblique fx?
NO- avulsion fx
31
Should we use a dynamic compression plate on the ilium?
no
32
T/F: use a screwer pin for a long oblique femoral fx
FALSE- never use screwer pins on femur
33
Which is most common w/ HBC?
anatomic degloving w/ crush injury
34
Dog had a penetrating wound & now when it urinates it dribbles urine out of a hole in it’s skin?
Fistula – bc it says urine we know its fistula bc bladder is epithelial tissue
35
Which true about gunshot wounds?
a. Caliber most important
b. All should be explored to determine damage
c. Velocity most important
c. Velocity most important
± Velocity = most important factor – higher velocity Æ greater diameter (area)
of trauma
36
Oronasal fistula caused by many things. In the cat when accompanied by pulmonary edema the
etiology is most likely?
electrical cord burns
37
Which option is most likely to reduce number of bacteria in wound w/o significant damage to
the tissues?
a. 20cc syringe and needle
b. Free flow
c. Machine
a. 20cc syringe and needle
With wound lavage you want moderate pressure using a syringe & 18-20G needle. Key is VOLUME of lavage fluid & moderate pressure (7-8psi is adequate)
38
Which type of debridement is NOT used for distal limbs?
a. Layered
b. En bloc
c. Autolytic
b. en bloc
En bloc – Similar to tumor excision, used on wounds w/ Extensive amount ofsurrounding tissue aka NOT the distal limbs
Layered – most commonly used method – begins at the surface & moves to depth of the wound (progresses in layers)
39
Which NOT an advantage of active drains over passive drains?
a. Decreased risk of infection
b. Decreased risk of maceration around drain opening
c. Ability to quantify drainage
d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less
d. Risk of part of the drain breaking off during removal is less
40
skin flap: Transposition Axial or subdermal?
Transposition = Local flap: rectangular... Ex: Z-plasty, forelimb/flank fold flaps
Axial = Direct cutaneous vessels -\> Better perfusion than pedicle flaps w/ just subdermal plexus. No length limitations like pedicle flaps, which must be \< 3:1
41
Which 2 teeth are the carnassial?
upper 4th premolar and lower 1st molar
42
What tool is used to extract teeth w/o sx removal?
elevator
43
Which is indication for ER celiotomy?
uncontrolled abdominal hemorrhage
44
Celiotomy is a 3 layer closure...which layer is not always closed?
a. External rectus fascia
b. SQ
c. Skin
d. All 3 need to be closed always
b. SQ
Don’t need to close SQ in the caudal abdomen of cats (they get inflam. from
sutures there), very young/thin dogs (bc hard to find).
45
Which of the following would you use to close jejunum?
a. Double layer inverting
b. Appositional w/ inverting on top
c. Single layer inverting
d. Single layer simple continuous/interrupted
d. Single layer simple continuous/interrupted
Only use appositional on the SI bc don’t want an inverting pattern to compromise the lumen more. (3-4mm bites/apart). Can also use staples (also appositional).
46
6 mo V+ after eats, fine w/ water. Started at weaning?
Congenital pyloric stenosis
-Brachycephalic dogs (Boxers, Boston terriers); Cats: Siamese
\*\*Starts at weaning – bc switch to solid foods.
47
Treatment for congenital pyloric stenosis?
Heineke Mikilicz best for congenital
Fredet-ramstedt only for congenital
48
Highly infiltrative Adenocarcinoma, what Sx?
Bilroth II
Adenocarcinoma = Aggressive Gastrectomy \> 5cm margins.
o If non-resectable obstruction: Do Bilroth 1 or 2 as palliative bypass sx:
o **Bilroth 1** = Pyloroectomy + Gastro-Duodenostomy (Prefer)
Remove all of dzed tissue. Double Appositional closure.
Disad: Difficult. “Dumping syndrome” – duodenum into stomach
o **Bilroth 2** = Partial Gastrectomy + Gastro-Enterostomy
Do this if extensive gastric resection -\> making gastro-
duodenostomy (Bilroth 1) impossible.
Lose Common BD (maybe pancreatic duct too) – Need to reroute
Complications: Alkaline gastritis, Blind loop syn., marginal ulcer
49
Adenocarcinoma = Malignant neoplasia found in Pyloric Antrum, Lesser curvature. Prognosis?
guarded to poor
50
GDV dog distended, stabilize it w/ fluids then what?
decompress with orogastric tube
51
Which is NOT a sign seen with GDV that increases the likelihood for mortality?
a. Hypertension
b. Partial gastrectomy, splenectomy
c. Pre-op VPCs
a. Hypertension
52
Complication of manual reduction of intussusception?
tear the serosa
53
What can we use to create a strong seal?
serosal patch-Induces a permanent adhesion much STRONGER than omentum.
54
IF Diffuse injury in pancreas where do you biopsy?
right limb
Distal aspect of the right limb – easiest to access (Also less blood vessels there)
o Close surgical biopsies w/ suture fx (aka Guillotine technique)
55
PCV of serum 45 and of peritoneal fluid 65 what is the likely percentage it’s HSA?
75%
50% benign, 50% malignant (of malignant- 50% are HSA)
if they have hemoabdomen- 75% are HSA
56
Where do you start suturing in a SI anastomoses?
Mesenteric border
x 1st suture at the mesenteric border, then the 2nd at the anti-mesenteric border
o You want to start with the area that can cause the most problems (aka
leakage from the mesenteric border)
57
Did exploratory to find a mango pit. Area where the pit is, is pink & glistening. What do you do?
Incise aboral to the pit
x With NON-linear FBs: Do a complete abdominal exploratory.
o Healthy tissue – Enterotomy aboral (distal) to the FB
Don’t make your incision over the FB bc there is compromised
tissue (pressure necrosis) – go ABORAL for healthy area
o Nonviable – Resect & anastomose
58
T/F: stomach healing duration is shorter
true
59
A single layer of appositional pattern should be used to close a routine gastrotomy. T/F
FALSE- we want DOUBLE layer closure (double inverting, double apositional then inverting)
60
A 2 yr old lab seen for V+ of 2 day duration of previous FB ingestion. Which diagnostic should be
performed first to possible give you a diagnosis?
abdominal rads
61
What should be performed initially on a dog that presents w/ GDV?
IV catheter and fluid therapy
62
Which not T regarding hematoma?
a. Acute are fluctuant, fluid filled
b. Chronic are fibrous and clots should be removed
c. Decreased hearing in affected ear
d. Should flatten and remove sutures in 12-14 days
c. Decreased hearing in affected ear
63
Which technique is used solely to facilitate Tx of otitis externa?
lateral ear canal resection
64
Before you remove Gall Bladder must do this first?
Check patency of common bile duct
± CHOLECYSTECTOMY – Must confirm patency of CBD!
65
If you lose major duodenal papilla what do you have to do?
```
Cholecystoduodenostomy
Biliary Diversion (Cholecystoduodenostomy): Indicated if irreparable OB or trauma to CBD
Trauma to BD -\> Bile Peritonitis: Abdominocentesis: + if fluid \> 2x serum bilirubin
```
66
Shunt fraction \< 15% and BA 75. Which is most likely?
Microvascular dysplasia
Protein C activity: Made in the liver so helps differentiate bw micro & macro\*\*\*
Micro: \> 70% bc there’s still BF to the liver. (Macro: \< 70% bc ↓BF)
67
Treatment for microvascular dysplasia?
Medical management- low protein diet
68
T/F. OVH is only good in immature animals, if they had a litter, must do OHE.
FALSE
69
Causes of perivulvar dermatitis
Juvenile vulva + obesity
70
Which procedure would you do for an ulcerated 4cm mass of the 4th mammary gland that’s fixed on 1 side?
Regional mastectomy b/c fixed so must remove regional glands as well
71
Dog with mammary gland mass. Should we do a OVH/OHE?
YES bc it eliminates risk of uterine dz
72
What is an advantage of overhand knot for feline castration?
less likely to slip
73
Is pyelolithotomy contraindicated in renal dz?
NO Calculus MUST be within the Renal Pelvis & Small
Doesn’t affect RBF or GFR & doesn’t destroy nephrons
74
urethrotomy is most commonly performed in
males
75
Which statement about urethrostomy is FALSE?
a. Most frequently performed on male animals
b. Preferred location for urethrostomy in the dog is scrotal
c. The incision is closed in a single layer
d. The incision should be allowed to heal by 2nd intention bc healing will be quicker than if the incision is closed primarily
d. The incision should be allowed to heal by 2nd intention bc healing will be quicker than if the incision is closed primarily
76
15 month old Pomeranian, classify the fracture: Distal simple transverse Fx of the radius and ulna
Best treatment? Other tx choice?
Type II ESF
Type Ia ESF
77
10 yo dog accidentally shot by it’s owner. Many small wounds w/ minimal soft tissue damage. Comminuted Fx of the mid
diaphyseal tibia. What type of open Fx is it?
Type 2
78
10 yo dog accidentally shot by it’s owner. Many small wounds w/ minimal soft tissue damage. Comminuted Fx of the mid
diaphyseal tibia. Fx assessment score
0-3 bc he is 10yr old and its an open comminuted fx
79
10 yo dog accidentally shot by it’s owner. Many small wounds w/ minimal soft tissue damage. Comminuted Fx of the mid
diaphyseal tibia. How would you fix it?
Normograde IM pin & DCP plate
Tibia is always NORMOGRADE (never retrograde bc it can cause DJD at the articular surface of the joint), DCP is the best & can be used for compression, neutralization, or bridging.
80
What muscle attaches to the glenoid and causes dislodging of the fragment when fx?
Biceps brachii
81
35kg dog w/ Salter Harris Type I Fx of the head of the femur how do you repair?
Diverging pin
82
What type of external fixator is the picture below?
type 1a
83
GSD and Cocker w/ otitis externa. Treatment?
GSD have hyperplasia but can Tx w/ lateral ear canal resection cocker must have TECA
84
Dx C shaped spleen scenario?
splenic torsion
85
Which of the following is the most common site for lip avulsion?
Mucocutaneous junction
86
What is the most common gland affected w/salivary mucocele?
Sublingual
87
Rad w/ 10kg dog 15 mo. Transverse Fx of radius and ulna after jumping off couch or something. How would you repair it?
External coaptation
88
Which is NOT a method of cervical vertebral stabilization?
a. Cross pinning
b. Plating ventral bodies
c. Place screws in articular facets
d. Segmental spinal stabilization
d. Segmental spinal stabilization
89
T/F. Plate mandible on compression side.
true
90
Which condition would you do a lateral transposition of the biceps tendon?
Lateral luxation of the shoulder
91
Which procedure do you do to elicit pain?
Palpation of biceps tendon
92
Which of these is NOT part of elbow dysplasia?
Congenital luxation
| (Elbow dysplasia = FCP, UAP)
93
Which is true differentiating congenital vs. traumatic elbow lux?
Congenital = NO pain
94
Which is TRUE regarding pathogenesis of hip dysplasia?
Rapid skeletal growth and delayed muscle growth
95
What is the most important factor in managing hip dysplasia?
Weight reduction
96
Tx for Legg Perthes?
FHO
97
Owner presents patient who had a Hx of intermittent lameness & now acutely lame on rear limb what’s wrong?
Patient had a partial CCL tear that is now complete
98
What would the patient have shown when initial injury?
Cranial drawer on flexion
99
Where is the most common site for meniscal injury due to CCL?
Medial caudal meniscus
100
75lb dobie w/ traumatic elbow luxation. How do you stabilize?
Spica splint
101
Gave scenario of a dog w/ R patella manually luxated and spontaneously returns w/ extension. L patella cannot be manually
reduced. What grades?
Grade 2 R / Grade 4 L
102
Picture of a Bulldog with chronic otitis externa.
TECA + lateral bullae osteotomy – bc the picture was also very hyperplastic (think Cockers &
Bulldogs). If it was GSD, they just get otitis externa, thus: Lateral ear canal resection.
103
Blunt force trauma to the thorax, what are the most common sequela?
Pulmonary contusions & pneumothorax
104
MC treatment for gallbladder mucocele
Cholecystectomy
105
MCT, you excise 3cm around, what type of excision is this?
wide
106
Which of the following tumors would you use marginal excision for?
Leiomyoma – only option that was a benign tumor
107
LBD with .... Foot in normal position. What is the most likely shoulder disorder of this dog?
Bicipital tenosynovititis
108
9yo golden retriever, presents walking on 3 legs, what is the most common dx?
Traumatic elbow luxation – only one that causes non-weight bearing lameness
109
What does hyperextension test for?
pain response
110
What are 2 common surgical procedures for a dog with hip dysplasia AND coxofemoral luxation?
THR & FHO
111
Rad of Comminuted irreducible femoral fracture, what fixation would you use? Another fixation device?
interlocking nail
DCP with bridging
112
Patella easily luxated and spontaneously reduces on extension, what is the grade?
Grade 2 medial patellar luxation
113
Puppy with a + ortolani sign, what is the most likely dx?
best way to get a dx?
Acute OCD causing joint laxity?
penn hip
114
T/F: 9 year old GSD with DJD, TPO would be a good tmt choice.
False - bc he’s too old and TPO has a poor prognosis if DJD is present
115
Positive cranial drawer on FLEXION only, most likely dx?
Partial cruciate tear
116
Primary bone tumor of the cat?
OSA
117
Most important thing to remember for oral cavity sx, to prevent dehiscence?
close with no tension
118
Intestinal sx but no slip of contents
clean contaminated
119
What is the general rule of thumb for anesthetic procedure time and risk of infection?
risk of infection doubles every hour
120
Hyperextension injury of the carpus, what is the most common signalment?
older LBD
121
Lateral condylar fx of the distal humerus fixation?
Lag screw & anti-rotational k wire
122
Picture of a Penrose drain and asked what kind of drain?
passive
