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Microbiology > Final - Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Final - Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

A
  • penicillin

- cephalosporins

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2
Q

Penicillins mostly work for:

A

gram positive bacteria

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3
Q

Mechanism of Penicillin

A

prevents cross linking of peptidoglycans which interferes with the final stages of cell wall construction

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4
Q

Penicillin G requires

A

injection

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5
Q

Penicillin V

A

can be taken orally

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6
Q

Mechanism of cephalosporins

A

same as penicillin

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7
Q

Drawback of cephalosporins

A

expensive because they must be purified

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8
Q

Adverse effects of cephalosporin

A

mild GI tract problems

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9
Q

Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

A
  • chlorampinicol
  • erythromycin
  • tetracyclin
  • streptomycin
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10
Q

Mechanism of chloramphenicol

A

Binds to 50s subunit and inhibits formation of growing polypeptide chain

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11
Q

Adverse effects of chloramphenicol

A
  • suppression of bone marrow activity
  • Immune system failure
  • Gray baby
  • Aplastic anemia
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12
Q

mechanism of erythromycin

A

acts on 50s subunit and stops translocation. Blocks tunnel.

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13
Q

erythromycin treats

A

streptococcal and staphylococcal infections

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14
Q

adverse effects of erythromycin

A

mild GI disturbance in 2-3% of population

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15
Q

Benefit of tetracycline

A

works for both gram positive and negative

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16
Q

mechanism of tetracycline

A

Acts on 30s subunit. Affects translation by interfering with attachement of tRNA carrying the amino acids.

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17
Q

Tetracycline is used for

A

UTIs, mycoplamsa pneumoniae, chlamydia and rickettsia, also used in animal feed for weight gain

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18
Q

Adverse effects of tetracycline

A

sever diarrhea, fungus superinfection, liver and kidney failure during pregnancy, brownish dicolouration of teeth in children, abnormal skull and bone development in fetus

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19
Q

Mechanism of streptomycin

A

acts on 30s subunit. Changes the shape of mRNA and the code is read wrong (as a stop codon or not at all)

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20
Q

Adverse effects of streptomycin

A

kidney failure in stand alone uses and deafness

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21
Q

drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

A
  • rifampin

- Qs and FQs

22
Q

Rifampin is used for

A

TB alongside streptomycin

23
Q

Machanism of rifampin

A

blocks mRNA transcriptase.

24
Q

Adverse effects of rifampin

A
  • orange-red secretions
  • sever liver damage in large doses
  • never use during pregancy
25
Q

mechanism of FQs

A

shuts down action of dna gyrase

26
Q

FQs are used for

A
  • anthrax
  • shigellosis
  • UTIs (especially reocurring)
  • certain types of pneumonia
  • Pseudomonas
27
Q

adverse effects of FQs

A
  • inhibits cartilage formation in fetus

- not used in children or elderly

28
Q

Drugs that injure the plasma membrane

A
  • Polymyxin B

- Amphotericin B

29
Q

Polymyxin B is effective against

A

gram negative bacteria

30
Q

Mechanism of Polymixin B

A

changes the permeability of plasma membrane resulting in the loss of important metabolites

31
Q

Polymyxin B is used for

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa. can also be used as an ointment

32
Q

adverse effects of Polymyxin B

A

pill form can affect kidneys

33
Q

Drugs that at as competitive inhibitors of essential metabolites

A
  • Sulfa drugs

- trimethoprim

34
Q

Mechanism of sulfa drugs

A
  • similar to folic acid precursor (PABA)
  • competitively binds with enzyme meant for PABA
  • Blocks folic acid
  • Cell death
35
Q

adverse effects of sulfa drugs

A

causes mental defects, jaundice, anemia and allergies

36
Q

Trimethoprim is used for

A

UTIs

37
Q

Most antivirals are

A

nucleoside analogs

38
Q

a nucleoside is

A

Base and sugar without phosphate

39
Q

Why are viruses hard to target

A

they replicate within the host cells so its difficult to target them without harming host cells

40
Q

Mechanism of antivirals

A
  • In vivo phosphorylation
  • creates a false nucleotide
  • blocks DNA and RNA synthesis
  • reduces viral load
41
Q

Acyclovir is an analog of

A

guanine

42
Q

Mechanism of acyclovir

A

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

43
Q

Ganciclovir is an analog of

A

guanine

44
Q

Mechanism of Ganciclovir

A

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

45
Q

Riboviron is an analog of

A

guanine

46
Q

Mechanism of Riboviron

A

accelerates mutation rate of RNA viruses until errors reach a crisis point and cell death occurs

47
Q

Ziduvodine is an analog of

A

thymine

48
Q

Ziduvodine is used for

A

HIV/AIDS

49
Q

Lamivudine is an analog of

A

cytosine

50
Q

Ganciclovir is used for

A

Herpes 5 (CMV)

51
Q

Riboviron is used for

A

Hep C

52
Q

Lamivudine is used for

A

Hep B

Microbiology (9 decks)

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