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Psychology > Final: Chapters 12-14 > Flashcards

Final: Chapters 12-14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is groupthink?

A

People place more importance on group coherence then facts of the problem/individual’s opinion.

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2
Q

What are the compliance techniques?

A

Foot in the door, door in the face, lowball, that’s not all.

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3
Q

Define compliance:

A

Changing ones behavior because you were asked to.

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4
Q

Define conformity:

A

Changing ones behavior to match that of other people.

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5
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

If task is perceived as easy, the presence of others improves performance.

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6
Q

What is social impairment?

A

If task is difficult, the presence of others negatively affects performance.

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7
Q

What is social loafing?

A

Tendency to put in less effort in a group, stems from deindividualization.
Occurs less in collective cultures. Women are less likely to loaf.

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8
Q

What are the components of attitude?

A

Affective, behavioral, cognitive. (Feel, act, think).

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9
Q

How can attitudes be formed?

A

Direct contact(tried and did not like), direct instruction (told it was bad), interaction with others (your friends think its bad), vicarious conditioning (you observe someone else’s reaction to it).

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10
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

Sense of discomfort when behavior conflicts with attitude or cognitions.

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11
Q

What is the “insufficient justification effect”?

A

Making something worth more in your mind (form new attitude) to justify doing it.

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12
Q

Define attitudes:

A

Learned response to something that influences your opinions about it. Beliefs, biases…

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13
Q

What is impression formation?

A

Primacy-the first impression, and social categorization (first gender, then race).

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14
Q

What is the implicit personality theory?

A

How we build expectations about a person after we know something of their central traits.

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15
Q

What was Asch’s study?

A

Study of conformity with matching lines. Subjects conformed over 1/3, and 3/4 conformed at least once.

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16
Q

What is the situational and dispositional theory?

A

Situational bases behavior off of situation, dispositional bases behavior off of character of the person.

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17
Q

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

A

Placing too much emphasis on dispositional attribution, more common in individualistic societies.

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18
Q

What is the realistic conflict theory?

A

Prejudice and discrimination increases as conflict between in/out groups increases, usually in competition for something; land, jobs.

19
Q

What is the social identity theory?

A

Prejudice and discrimination stems from social categorization, social identity, and social comparison.

20
Q

What is stereotype vulnerability/threat?

A

Being aware of a stereotype and trying to avoid it/anxiety caused by knowing a stereotype could be at play.

21
Q

What are the rules of attraction?

A

Attractiveness, proximity, similarity, reciprocal liking.

22
Q

What are the components of love?

A

Intimacy, passion, commitment.

23
Q

What is altruism?

A

Helping someone with no expectation of reward and without fear for personal safety.

24
Q

What kind of people are most likely to join a cult?

A

Young, upper/middle class people, stressed, unhappy, lonely, dependent, idealistic, want to belong.

25
Q

What is personality, character, and temperament?

A

Combo of traits, moral and ethical behavior, and easy-difficult temper you were born with.

26
Q

What are the four perspectives on personality?

A

Psychoanalytic (Freud), behaviorist (how we are conditioned by our environment), humanistic (the 3rd force, you have free will), trait.

27
Q

What were Freud’s divisions of the mind?

A

Preconscious (info available but not currently conscious), Conscious (everything you are currently aware of), Unconscious (info not easily accessed, hidden).

28
Q

What are Freud’s parts of personality?

A

Id (birth, pleasure, evil), Ego (3yrs, reality principle, consequences), Superego (5-6yrs, moral center).

29
Q

What is the modern psychoanalytic theory?

A

Defense mechanisms are real, unconscious influences conscious mind/behavior

30
Q

What is the behaviorist view of personality?

A

Personality is a set of learned responses or habits.

31
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Perception of how effective a behavior will be. Will I succeed or fail?

32
Q

What is the humanistic view of personality?

A

Free will, self-actualization tendency: people want to reach their full potential.

33
Q

What are humanism’s three selfs?

A

Self concept (what others tell you, how your self is reflected in your life), Ideal self (what you want), Real self (what you really are). Congruence/incongruence results depending on how close/far away they are.

34
Q

What is conditional/unconditional positive regard?

A

Conditional/unconditional love.

35
Q

What defines a fully-functioning person?

A

Self-actualizing, good match between real self/ideal self, receives unconditional positive regard.

36
Q

What is the 16PF?

A

Cattell’s 16 personality factors, source traits and surface traits.

37
Q

What is the biological perspective of personality?

A

Personality can be 25-50% genetics.

38
Q

What problems might arise when using an interview to assess personality?

A

Halo effect-client’s good impression on the interviewer affect’s diagnosis. Horn effect: interviewer dislikes the client, affects the diagnosis.

39
Q

What are projective personality tests?

A

Uses ambiguous stimuli to analyze patient’s response. Rorschach Ink blot Test. TAT (make up short story explaining a picture).

40
Q

what is a personality inventory test?

A

made up of statements that require specific, standardized response. NEO-PI, Myers-Briggs, MMPI (detects abnormal personality).

41
Q

What is psychopathology?

A

Study of abnormal behavior.

42
Q

How can behavior be determined as abnormal?

A

Frequency, bizarreness, persistence, social norms, subjective discomfort, maladaptive behavior.

43
Q

What is the DSM-V?

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, version five. Lists psychological disorders and symptoms. Helped to prevent wrongful diagnosis of disorder.

Psychology (7 decks)

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