Final Exam Flashcards
A study showing a high correlation between certain chemical contaminants and poor reproductive health might not lead the Environmental Protection Agency to place an absolute ban on these substances because _____ does not always mean _______
correlation; causation
An experiment where neither the subjects nor the researchers know who is in the experimental and control groups is called?
double blind
You are studying the effect of a nutrient supplement on growth in muscle mass. What is the dependent variable
amount of muscle mass
A set of related hypotheses that have been tested and not falsified are referred to as
a theory
???
Independent Variables
????
Variant variables
A control group is given a ________ instead of the experimental drug
placebo
A scientist is investigating the effect of an experimental drug to improve cognitive performance in mice. She divides her mice into two groups. The experimental group receives the drug and the control group does not. Otherwise, the two groups are similar: they both have equal numbers of males and females, all the mice in both groups are about the same age, and both groups have the same living conditions (e.g. food, size of cage). The process of creating two similar groups is called
randomization
Living organisms possess many common characteristics. They also demonstrate a very wide degree of diversity. The theory that describes how this diversity has arisen over time is known as the
Evolutionary Theory
????
Anecdotal evidence
What are the steps of the scientific inquiry
????
A vaccine is usually composed of
inactivated disease-causing microbes.
Metabolism refers to
all chemical reactions in the human body, which includes the energy required to build and breaking down molecules
What are the taxonomic levels from first to last
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is the name for the ability of living things to maintain a relatively constant internal environment?
homeostasis
A multicellular organism, whose cells contain a nuclei, and feeds through a process called photosynthesis belongs to which domain/kingdom?
eukarya / plantae
Name the living items in order
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, ecosystems
The organelle in a(n) ____ cell that stores DNA is the _____
eukaryotic; nucleus
Which organelles are involved in harvesting energy
vesicles, ribosomes
What are the four kingdoms of eukaryotes
plants, animals, protists, and fungi
Chordata belongs to which taxonomic level
Phylum
Primates belong to which taxonomic level
Order
Which structures are found in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells
nucleus and a mitochondria
Which traits distinguish primates from other mammal
large brained, fingernails instead of claws
_______ are made up of ______and one of their main functions is to ______
nucleic acids, nucleotides, store and transfer information
What are the monomer ““building blocks”” that make up proteins
amino acids
What are the three different types of lipids
phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids
What is an emergence? Provide a specific example from biology
All things working together to create one bigger thing. Example; ants work together to make up a colony
???
Solvent
????
Solute
Water is a polar molecule, which means
it is excellent at regulating body temperature AND one side is positive and the other side is negative
The information for creating a protein is stored in ___ which determines the sequence of ___ that make up the protein
DNA; amino acids
What are the steps of protein Synthesis (watch a video)
1-DNA unzips,
2-Transcription (mRNA makes complimentary copy of DNA, )
3-mRNA leaves the nucleus,
4-Translation: at the ribosome tRNA brings ammino acid that corresponds with Codons on the mRNA,
5-after tRNA brings them to the ribosome, ammino acids are linked to make protein
A mutation is most precisely defined as
damage to a DNA molecule that alters its sequence
When a human grows or repairs damaged tissue, which cellular process is used?
mitosis
Alternate forms of a gene are called
alleles.
Whether or not a given gene is transcribed and translated into a protein is referred to as
gene expression
The members of a pair of chromosomes (for example, the two copies of chromosome 1) are called
homologous chromosomes.
Humans have __________ chromosomes in each diploid cell, and ________ genes on each chromosome.
46 - hundreds or thousands of
If an allele is not expressed in a heterozygote, it is
recessive
The observable, physical traits of an individual is his/her _________________, whereas his/her ____________________ is the underlying alleles that (partly) determine the traits
phenotype; genotype
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that results from the inheritance of two recessive alleles. What is the chance that a child will inherit the disorder if one parent is heterozygous for this gene and one parent has cystic fibrosis? (Hint! Draw a Punnett square to help you figure out the probability)
50%
Huntington’s disease is a dominant trait. If an individual heterozygous for Huntington’s has a child with an individual who does not have Huntington’s, what is the chance that the child will has Huntington’s disease? (Hint! Draw a Punnett square to help you figure out the probability)
50%
Punnett square
Video?