Final Exam Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Self-concept Definition
A
Relatively stable perception people have of themselves
2
Q
Presenting-self Definition
A
Image a person presents to others, may be identical or different from ideal and perceived selves
3
Q
Stereotypes Definition
A
Generalization of people, places, events held by many people in a society
4
Q
Self-serving Bias Definition
A
Tendency to interpret and explain info in a way that casts us in the most favorable manner
5
Q
Primacy Effect Definition
A
Ability of one’s first impressions to color later impressions
6
Q
4 Windows of Johari Window
A
Open: info we know and others know
Blind: info we don’t know about ourselves but others do know
Hidden: info we know but others do not
Unknown: no one knows
7
Q
How does self-esteem impact the way we communicate
A
Those with high self esteem communicate better and have close, supportive interactions. They also are more likely to take a chance on starting a new relationship and showing affection to others
8
Q
Task Oriented Listening Definition
A
Complete job/make decision
9
Q
Relational Listening Definition
A
Build closeness
10
Q
Analytical Listening Definition
A
Understand message prior to evaluation
11
Q
Critical Listening Definition
A
Determine accuracy
12
Q
Appreciative Listening Definition
A
Pleasure/relaxation
13
Q
Supportive Listening Definition
A
The reception approach to use when others seek help for personal dilemmas
14
Q
What are the 4 steps in analytical listening
A
- Listen carefully
- Explain the concept like you are talking to a child
- Consider which aspects are clear or not clear
- Review the original info to better understand details
15
Q
What are the 4 types of delivery
A
- Extemporaneous
- Impromptu
- Manuscript
- Memorized
16
Q
What are the 3 functions of a conclusion
A
- Restate the thesis
- Review your main points
- Provide a memorable final remark
17
Q
Statistics Definition
A
Numbers arranged or organized to show how a fact/principle is true for a large percentage of cases
18
Q
Testimony Definition
A
Supporting material that proves or illustrates a point by citing an authoritative source
19
Q
Analogies Definition
A
Extended comparison that can be used as supporting material in a speech
20
Q
What are the 4 rules for using statistics
A
- Make sure they make sense
- Make sure they are credible
- Cite them
- Effectiveness rather than ethics
21
Q
What are the most common patterns of organization used for persuasive speaking
A
- time
- space
- topic
- problem-solution
- cause-effect
22
Q
Convergence Definition
A
Accommodating one’s speaking style to another person
23
Q
Euphemism Definition
A
Word to substitute a harsher word
24
Q
Denotative Definition
A
Dictionary definition
25
Connotative Definition
Subjective meaning, one’s personal meaning of a word
26
Emblems Definition
Deliberate gestures with precise meanings, known to virtually all members of a cultural group
27
Illustrators Definition
Nonverbal behaviors that accompany and support verbal messages
28
What are the 4 types of distance
1. Intimate (0-18in.)
2. Personal (18in.-4ft.)
3. Social (4-12ft.)
4. Public (12ft. to limit of sight)
29
Nonverbal Definition
Messages expressed through nonlinguistic means
30
Nonverbal differences between men and women
Women are…
- more nonverbally expressive
- better at recognizing nonverbal behavior
- smile more
- use more hand gestures
- touch others more
- stand closer to others
- make more eye contact
31
Culture Definition
Language, values, beliefs, tradition, and customs that people share and learn
32
Uncertainty Avoidance Definition
Your ability to accept or resist uncertainty, like/dislike rules
33
Collectivism Definition
Focus on welfare of group, ‘we’ mentality, high context
34
Individualism Definition
Focus on individual, ‘I’ mentality, low context
35
High Power Distance Definition
Accepts power difference, parents and elderly are respected, education is teacher centered, subordinates are not consulted
36
Low Power Distance Definition
Believe all are equal, parents treat kids as equals, education is student centered, subordinates are consulted
37
Interpersonal Communication Definition
2-way interactions between people who are a part of a close and irreplaceable relationship in which they treat each other as unique individuals
38
Autistic Society Definition
Society at home with computers, but disadvantaged when it comes to establishing human intimacy
39
High-tech-high-touch Society Definition
Technologically advanced society that values interpersonal relationships
40
How do early definitions of interpersonal communication differ from current definitions?
Early definitions required communication to take place in person
41
What are some advantages of mediated interpersonal communication?
- Help people stay connected
- Feels nonthreatening
- Can be validating
- Asynchronous
- Allows us to think before we react
42
What are some disadvantages of mediated interpersonal communication?
- Phubbing
- Quantity over quality
43
What are three basic needs for fulfillment in interpersonal relationships?
- Inclusion
- Control
- Affection
44
Which need makes us want to start a relationship?
Inclusion
45
What are the 8 characteristics we used to evaluate relationship potential?
- physical attractiveness
- similarity
- balance
- reciprocal liking
- trait attraction
- self disclosure
- proximity
- rewards
46
What are the 8 different types of friendships?
- youthful vs mature
- short-term vs long-term
- low vs high disclosure
- doing vs being
- low vs high obligation
- frequent vs occasional contact
- same sex vs cross sex
- in-person vs mediated
47
Who is more critical of friendship rule violations?
Women
48
Who is more attracted to their cross sex friends?
Men
49
Family Definition
Collection of people who share affection and resources and who think of themselves and present themselves as a family
50
What are the 5 love languages?
1. Affirming words: compliments, statements of love
2. Quality time: doing things together
3. Acts of Service: perform favors, do chores
4. Gifts: flowers, candy, cards
5. Physical Touch: hugs, holding hands, kissing
51
Content Messages Definition
Focus on the subject being discussed
52
Relational Messages Definition
Express the social relationship between two or more people
53
What are the stages in leading to intimacy?
1. Initiating: first contact
2. Experimenting: small talk
3. Intensifying: “good friends”
4. Integrating: coupling
5. Bonding: formal commitment
54
What are the stages in leading to termination?
1. Differentiating: regain unique identities
2. Circumscribing: quality and quantity of communication decreases
3. Stagnating: communication at a standstill
4. Avoiding: intentionally staying away from one another
5. Terminating: the end
55
Social Penetration Theory Definition
Describes how intimacy can be achieved via the breadth and the depth of self disclosure, relationships begin with relatively narrow breadth and shallow depth and develop over time
56
Depth Definition
How deeply you discuss something, personal about the topic
57
Breadth Definition
Number of topics you discuss with someone
58
Self-Disclosure Definition
Revealing to another person something about yourself he/she would not normally know
59
Social Exchange Theory Definition
We stay in relationships as long as the rewards outweigh the costs
60
Comparison Level Definition
Expectation of the kinds of rewards and profits we believe ought to derive from a relationship
61
Comparison Level for Alternatives Definition
Comparing of rewards derived from a current relationship with ones we expect to get from an alternative relationship
62
Relational Dialectic Theory Definition
Relationships oscillate between contradictory goals or desires
63
What are the 3 dialectics?
- connection vs autonomy
- openness vs privacy
- predictability vs novelty
64
Denial Definition
Deny the dialectics exist
65
Alternation Definition
The repeated occurrence of two things in turn
66
Conflict Definition
An expressed struggle between at least 2 interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from other parties in achieving their goals
67
Confirming Messages Definition
Actions and words that express respect and show we value the other person
68
Disconfirming Messages Definition
Actions and words that express a lack of caring or respect
69
What are the 4 Horsemen of the Apocalypse?
- criticism
- contempt
- defensiveness
- stonewalling
70
Emotional State Definition
Single temporary emotional condition
71
Emotional Trait Definition
Persistent and stable emotion felt consistently overtime
72
Non-Assertion Definition
Inability or unwillingness to express one’s thoughts
73
Passive Aggressive Definition
Indirect aggression
74
Direct Aggression Definition
Expressing one’s own thoughts and feelings at another’s expense
75
Assertion Definition
Directly expresses senders needs without attacking the receiver
76
What are the 3 methods for conflict resolution?
- Win-Win (collaboration)
- Win-lose
- Lose-lose (compromise)
77
Small Group Definition
Small collection of people whose members interact with one another overtime in order to reach goals, usually face-to-face
78
Interaction Definition
Individuals who interact verbally and nonverbally, occupies certain roles with respect to one another, and cooperate to accomplish a goal
79
Interdependence Definition
One person’s behavior affects everyone else
80
Time Definition
Groups usually work together long enough to develop an identity and history
81
Size of Small Groups
3-20(ish)
82
How is a team different from a group?
A team is when members work closely together, while a group’s members can be independent from one another
83
Brainstorming Definition
Generates ideas, encourages creativity
84
Social Loafing Definition
Phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group rather than working alone
85
Group Rules Definition
Official guidelines for behavior
86
Group Norms Definition
Informal rules of interaction
87
Group Forming Process
1. Forming: group comes together
2. Storming: group experiences conflict
3. Norming: group adapts
4. Performing: group functions cohesively
88
Group Ecology Definition
Groups use of space created by seating and furniture arrangement
89
What are the 3 communication networks?
- Chain
- Wheel
- All-Channel
90
Trait Approach Definition
Certain traits make a great leader, great leaders are born
91
Functional Approach Definition
Views leadership as a set of behaviors that may be enacted by any group member
92
Situational Approach Definition
Leaders should adapt to situations, context matters, style matters
93
Type X Definition
Does not trust group members to work and is unconcerned with the personal achievement of group members
94
Type Y Definition
Displays trust in group members and is concerned with their sense of personal achievement
95
Laissez-Faire Definition
Passive, hands-off attitude
96
Democratic Definition
Decisions made in consultation with the group
97
Transformational Leader Definition
Lead inspires followers to act beyond self interest
98
According to the Minnesota studies, how do people become leaders?
Rejected Leaders: too quiet or overly talkative, leadership style that may be inappropriate for situation
Accepted Leaders: likely to participate often, show competence, be assertive, support others, provide solutions
99
What are the 5 decision-making models?
- Consensus
- Majority rule
- Minority control
- Expert opinion
- Authority rule
100
Group Think Definition
An illusion of agreement, type of thinking that occurs when a group strives to minimize conflict, maximize cohesiveness, and reach consensus without testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas
