Final exam Flashcards
(51 cards)
what is the short answer framework during an exam?
- What is it? → introduce the concept
- How does it work? → Explain the mechanism or logic in points
- Where can we see it? → Give a real-world or textbook example
- So what? → Explain the economic outcome or consequence
What is the purpose of the Multidimensional Poverty Index?
To provide targeted poverty alleviation policies and programmes
When is an individual considered multidimensionally poor according to the MPI?
When they are deprived in at least one-third of the weighted indicators
The poverty gap is the
Percentage of a country’s total consumption necessary to bring everyone in the country below the poverty line up to the line
What percent of the world’s poorest people are female?
70
What conclusion can be reached from the income shares data for Bangladesh and Indonesia?
The size distribution of income is more unequal in Indonesia
Brazil’s growth rate using poverty vs GNI weights implies:
Average income growth was greater for rich households than for poor households
With modern sector enlargement growth, inequality will
Remain about the same
What is a potential conflict between focusing on economic growth and reducing poverty?
Resources allocated to poverty reduction may limit funds for growth-enhancing investments
Which is a challenge in balancing economic growth and poverty reduction?
Providing equal opportunities for all
What has contributed to Brazil’s progress in reducing income inequality?
Social programmes and economic reforms
Same Brazil growth rate conclusion as earlier implies:
Average income growth was greater for rich households than for poor households
Which of the following is a potential limitation of workfare programmes?
They may crowd out private sector employment
What does the ‘psychology of scarcity’ suggest?
People focus on immediate needs, sacrificing long-term planning
What is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?
The average number of children a woman will have over her lifetime
What does the Replacement-Level Fertility rate signify?
The level at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next
What does the demographic transition model describe?
The changes in population growth and structure over time as a country undergoes economic and social development
What characterizes the Transitional Stage in the demographic transition model?
Death rates decline significantly while birth rates remain high
In which stage do both birth and death rates remain high?
Pre-Industrial Stage
What did Malthus believe would limit population growth?
Natural checks like famine, disease, and war
How can the Malthusian Trap be mitigated?
By increasing food production through technological advancements
Which factor most reduces birthrate?
An increase in the opportunity cost of a woman’s time
Recent fertility rate trend in developing countries?
Declining
Population growth in late 20th century negatively affected:
All of the above (economic growth, poverty, education, environment)
