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Psy 318 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory-what are the “conflicts” associated with aging and some of the characteristics of each (3)

A
  • identity vs role diffusion
  • generativity vs stagnation
  • ego integrity vs despair
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2
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
identity vs role diffusion
Maricia’s model of identity formation (4)

A
  • identity diffusion
  • foreclosure
  • moratorium
  • identity achievement
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3
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
identity vs role diffusion
Maricia’s model of identity formation
identity diffusion

A

no exploration, no commitment

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4
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
-identity vs role diffusion
Maricia’s model of identity formation
moratorium (3)

A
  • bulk of finding identity comes in
  • exploring roles and values without commitment
  • high exploration, no commitment
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5
Q 
Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
   identity vs role diffusion
   Maricia's model of identity        
      formation
foreclosure
A

high commitment, no exploration

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6
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
-identity vs role diffusion
Maricia’s model of identity formation
identity achievement

A

high exploration, no commitment

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7
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory

generativity vs stagnation
what is it

A

care and concern for guiding the next generation

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8
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
generativity vs stagnation
3 ways to achieve

A
  • successful parenting
  • grand parenting
  • altruists and concern for broader community
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9
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
generativity vs stagnation
3 ways to achieve
successful parenting

A

having children both contributes to generativity and is causd by generativity

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10
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory
generativity vs stagnation
3 ways to achieve
grand parenting

A

mentoring, spending time w/ grandkids, strengthening family bonds

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11
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory

generativity vs stagnation
    3 ways to achieve
        altruists and concern   
         for broader
          community (3)
A
  • mentioring
  • volunteering
  • creating
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12
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial theory

Ego integrity vs. despair (2)

A
  • achieving feeligns of success, fulfillment and wisdom vs regret
  • lifetime review
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13
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms (4)

A
  • psychotic
  • immature
  • neurotic
  • mature
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14
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms

psychotic (3)

A
  • delusional projection
  • denial
  • distortion
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15
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms
psychotic
delusional projection

A

attributing ones own bizarre ideas and feelings to others

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16
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms

psychotic

denial

A

disclaiming the existence of a feeling, action or event

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17
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms
psychotic
distortion

A

significantly exaggerating and altering the reality of feelings and events

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18
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms

Immature (3)

A
  • projection
  • hypocondriasis
  • acting out
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19
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms
Immature
hypochondriasis

A

expressing psycholgoical conflict as exaggerated physical complaints

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20
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms

neurotic (3)

A
  • displacement
  • repression
  • reaction formation
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21
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms
neurotic
displacement

A

transferrin unacceptable feelings from the true to a safer object

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22
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms
neurotic
reaction formation

A

expressing the opposite of one’s true feelings

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23
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms

Mature (3)

A
  • altruism
  • sublimation
  • humor
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24
Q

Valliants Theory of Defense Mechanisms
mature
sublimation

A

expressing unacceptable feelings in productive activity

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25
Q

Valliants Theory of How to Grow Old with Grace

A

adaptiations to personality and can lead to a positive aging experience

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26
Q

Valliants Theory of How to Grow Old with Grace

Adaptations to personality and can lead to a positive aging experience (6)

A
  • Care for others and remain open to new ideas
  • Show cheerful tolerance of the indignities of old age
  • Maintain a sense of humor and capacity for play
  • Take sustenance from past accomplishments
  • Remain curious and continue to learn from the next generation
  • Maintain contact and intimacy with old friends
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27
Q

Emotion focused coping (2)

A
  • attempt to change your appraisal of the situation

- we can control our outlook or our reaction to what happens

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28
Q

problem focused coping

A

attempts to change situation

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29
Q

Identity Process Theory

A

trying to find optimal adaption to changes by balancing identity assimilation and accommodation

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30
Q

Identity Process Theory

identity assimilation

A

-maintaing the schema you have about yourself and either trying to ignore challenges to that or trying to get those other aspects to fit into your current schemas

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31
Q

Trait Approaches

The Big 5

A
  • openness
  • conscientiousness
  • extroversion
  • agreeableness
  • neuroticism
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32
Q

The Big 5

openness
what is it

A

openness to experience, open minded, curious etc.

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33
Q

The Big 5

conscientiousness
A

organized, reliable, hardworking, self-disciplined

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34
Q

The Big 5

agreeableness
A

cooperative or generous, cheerful, warm, caring

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35
Q

The Big 5

  Neuroticism
A

-tendency to be anxious, self conscious, moody, hostile

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36
Q

Big 5

what traits decline with age (3)

A
  • extroversion
  • neuroticism
  • openness
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37
Q

Big 5

what traits increase with age

A

agreeableness increases with age

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38
Q

Big 5

what traits peak

A

conscientiousness and emotional stability peak in middle and late adulthood

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39
Q

identity process theory

identity accomadation

A

altering ones existing schemas in order to take in new information

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40
Q

Nan Henderson’s Resiliency Wheel

Pieces (6)

A
  • increase prosocial bonding
  • set clear, consistent boundaries
  • teach “life skills”
  • provide caring & support
  • set and communicate high expectations
  • provide opportunities for meaningful participation
41
Q

Levinson’s theory (2)

A
  • life structure of work and family

- during middle adulthood ppl try to give more attention to whatever they neglected before

42
Q

Jung theory (2) `

A
  • reclaiming parts of self that were repressed in the search for conformity in first half of life
  • not a mid-life crisis, instead its a mid-life transition
43
Q

% of older adults that experience a mid-life crisis according to research

A

26%

44
Q

major depressive disorder (2)

A
  • extremely sad mood lasting for at least 2 weeks

- appetite and sleep disturbances, feelings of guilt, difficulty concentrating and and low self worth

45
Q

major depressive older, prevalence in older adults, pop that its most common in (3)

A
  • older adults report depressive symptoms (30%)
  • most common for older adults
  • highest among ppl 18-29
46
Q

how do older adults express depression

A

may appear as cognitive impairment or physical symptoms

47
Q

how is depression misdiagnosed in older adults (6)

A

-Health care professionals may not be trained in diagnosis of older adults
•Older adults may not accurately report symptoms
•Physicians spend too little time with them
•Reimbursement rates lower than for medical •Attitudes toward depression in older adults •Medical and psychological symptoms may co-occur

48
Q

psychosocial factors that contribute to depression (7)

A
  • Isolation
  • Bereavement

◦Losing family member or friend

  • Retirement (role change)
  • Limitations in functioning
  • Institutionalization
  • Pain
49
Q

Problem with misdiagnosis of depression in older adults

A

there are treatments for a lot of these, but medical professionals don’t always take the time to look for these solutions

50
Q

suicide

what demographic of ppl and what age are they that have highest rate of completed suicide & reasons for this (3)

A
  • white males 75+
  • more access to drugs
  • more access to firearms
51
Q

suicide victims and last time seeing health care provider

A

-between 43-75% of sucidie victims had seen health care provider w/in a month of their deat h

52
Q

suicide and older adults

A

often have only mild to moderate symptoms of depression

53
Q

anxiety disorders and prevalence in older adults

A
  • most highly prevalent of all psychological disorders except substance abuse
  • older adults have lower prevalence than the general pop, but its the 2ns most common for them
54
Q

Types of anxiety disorders (4)

A
  • generalized anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • social anxiety disorder
  • specific phobia
55
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Overall sense of uneasinessness, prone to worrying

56
Q

Panic disorder

A

panic or feeling about to die

57
Q

social anxiety disorder

A

anxiety about being watched by other ppl

58
Q

specific phobia (2)

A
  • Most common for older adults and the general population

- Irrational fear of particular object or situation

59
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

A

repeptivie thoughts and repetitive behaviors

60
Q

Example of OCD

washing hands

identify the obsession and compulsion

A
  • obsession: being clean

- compulsion: washing hands

61
Q

3 highly prev and recognized obsessive compulsive disorders

A
  • obsessive- compulsive disorder
  • body dysmorphic disorder
  • hoarding disorder
62
Q

identify the obsession and complusion of hoarding

A
  • obsession: might need it someday

- compulsion: keepign and not throwing things away

63
Q

Trauma and Stress related disorders

symptoms include

A

-intrusion of distressing reminders, dissociative symptoms, avoidance situations that remidn one of the event and hyperarousal

64
Q

Trauma and Stress related disorders

Types (3)

A
  • acute stress disorder
  • PTSD
  • late onset stress symptomology
65
Q

Trauma and Stress related disorders

Types

acute stress disorder (2)

A
  • involves symptoms for up to 1 month

- short, condensed

66
Q

Trauma and Stress related disorders

Types

PTSD

A

-involve symptoms for >1 month

67
Q

Trauma and Stress related disorders

Types

late onset stress symptomology

A

-have symptoms of PTSD but sets in later

68
Q

Most common form of substance abuse in older adults

A

non-medical use of prescription drugs in those 65+

69
Q

most drug abuse in older adults

A

prescrption drugs

70
Q

substance abuse and misdiagnosis (3)

A
  • self-medicating or undiagnosed mental illness through prescription drugs or alcohol abuse -Medical professionals may not screen adequately for substance abuse in older adults; may fail to
  • see warning signs Multiple medical providers
71
Q

result of substance abuse in older adults

A

may be more easily effected by these substances and may become dependent for ADLs and IADLs as a result

72
Q

elder abuse prevalence

A

14% of those 60 and over

73
Q

Types of elder abuse (6)

A
  • physical
  • sexual
  • psychological
  • financial
  • neglect
  • self neglect
74
Q

most common type of elder abuse

A

financial

75
Q

Elder abuse

self neglect
A

older adult is exercising poor judgment to the point where it is endangering their own health and safety and they are deemed to not have the capacity to make decisions for themselves

76
Q

Assessment Measure for an older adult (4)

A
  • clinical interview
  • mental status exam
  • functional abilities

specific measures

77
Q

Assessment measures

clinical interview (3)

A
  • questions in face to face setting
  • somewhat flexible
  • most utilized assessment measure
78
Q

Assessment measures

functional abilities (2)

A
  • ADLs

- IADLs

79
Q

Assessment measures

specific symptom measures (3)

A
  • geriatric depression scale
  • PHQ-9
  • GAD-7
80
Q

best forms of treamtent for various disorders (3)

A
  • antidepressants (SSRIs), anti-anxiety meds, antipsychotics
  • must be careful of drug interactions, side effects, addiction
  • multi-disciplinary approach
81
Q

marriage ranked by race

A
  • most likely: asian americans

- followed by whites, hispanics, and blacks

82
Q

U-shaped curve in marital satifaction

A

Valliants study showed maritial satisfaction starts high, dips midway through and then goes back up in older adulthood

83
Q

likelihood to be living with a spouse

black women & non-hispanic white men (2)

A
  • black women 85+ least likely to be living with the spouse

- non-hispanic white men at 65-74 most likely to be living with a spouse

84
Q

Mandatd Reporting guidelines (3)

A
  • victims reports abuse has occurred or has knowlege of abuse
  • mandeated reporter observes the incident of abuse
  • injury or condition reasonably leads to mandated report to suspect abuse has occurred
85
Q

intimacy

A

closeness, close familiriaty or friendship, loving personal relationship

86
Q

closeness, close familiriaty or friendship, loving personal relationship

A

sexual, physical, cogntiive, emotional, spiritual

87
Q

intergenetational stake

A

older gen’s value their relationships with adult children more than children value relationships with children

88
Q

developmental schism

A

gap between parents and children in how much they value the relationship and seek independence

89
Q

filial maturity

A

developmental changes in children

90
Q

filial anxiety

A

Worry about being forced to take on care of parents

91
Q

filial obligation

A

Feeling of commitment that the child should care for the parent.

92
Q

characteristics of caregivers (3)

A
  • majority are spouses and children

- 34.2 mil americans have privided unpaid care -75% all caregivers are female

93
Q

Caregiver Identity Theory (7)

A

1) When dependency situation begins
2) Self definitions as a caregiver begins
3) Performance of personal care tasks
- help bathe or dress–>reevaluation of

role

4) outside assistance sought/formal service considered
5) consideration of nursing home/facility placement
6) facility placement
7) termination of caregiver role

94
Q

Grandparenting Styles (4)

A
  • ceremonial (passive)
  • distanced (detached)
  • influential (authority)
  • supportive
95
Q

Grandparenting styles

ceremonial (passive)

A

live far way but involved, spoilers

96
Q

Grandparenting styles

distanced (detached)

A

lives far way, not involved, no replationship

97
Q

Grandparenting styles

influential (authority)

A

babysitters, go to extracurriculars, constant figure

98
Q

Grandparenting styles

supportive

A

doesn’t act as disciplinary figure

Psy 318 (2 decks)

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