Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is stress?

A

Perception of exceeding available resources, thereby disrupting homeostasis

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2
Q

How does research suggest that stress and disease is related?

A

Stress downregulates immune system

Poor food choices are made during stress

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3
Q

What are the two psychological interventions for stress?

A

Cognitive counsel/exercise

Stress management

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4
Q

What is the Holmes-Rahe scale?

A

Scale that determines how stressful a life event is
Death of spouse is highest at 100
Total all points over last year
<150 = low amount
150 - 300 = 50% chance of major health breakdown in next 2 years
> 300 = 80% chance of major health breakdown in next two years

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5
Q

What diseases are associated with caregivers stress?

A

High cholesterol
HTN
Obesity
Depression

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6
Q

What disease is associated with job strain?

A

Increased carotid disease in young men

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7
Q

How does acute stress cause cardiac disease?

A

Activates the sympathetic nervous system

Increases BP, HR, coronary constriction and less electrical stability

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8
Q

How does chronic stress cause cardiac disease?

A

Activates HPA axis producing hypercortisolemia

Causes central obesity

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9
Q

What are the three C’s that protect from stress?

A

Commitment to self
Control over life
Challenge - change is challenge not a threat

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10
Q

What are the Rahe and Arthur lenses of stress?

A

Individual perceptions
Coping
Physiologic processes
Arousal reduction activities

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11
Q

What GI issues can arise due to stress?

A

PUD
Gastric hyperacidity
Abdominal pain
Altered bowel habits

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12
Q

What musculoskeletal issues can arise due to stress?

A

Arthritic exacerbations
Fibromyalgia
TMJ
Chronic pain

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13
Q

What dermatologic issues can arise due to stress?

A

Rashes and skin lesions
Vasomotor change
Pruritus

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14
Q

What reproductive issues can arise due to stress?

A
Amenorrhea
Fertility issues
Dysmenorrhea
Impotence
Estrogen and testosterone changes
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15
Q

What is important to remember when communicating with a patient about stress?

A

Avoid implying illness is pt’s fault
Avoid negative emphasis
Frame beneficial lifestyle changes as pt’s choice

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16
Q

What is the main function of a family?

A

Mutual exchange and nurturance to meet physical, emotional, and social needs of each individual

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17
Q

What is family system characterized by?

A

External and internal boundaries
Internal hierarchy
Self regulation
Change with time

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18
Q

What is the “sick role”?

A

Responsibilities shift to accommodate for a family member that is sick

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19
Q

What psychological factor is associated with anorexia?

A

Obsessive compulsive qualities

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20
Q

What psychological factor is associated with bulimia?

A

Impulsivity

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21
Q

What are the different classifications to obesity?

A

Class 1 - BMI of 30 - 34.9
Class 2 - BMI of 35 - 39.9
Class 3 - BMI over 40

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22
Q

What are medications that can lead to obesity?

A

Psychotropics
Anticonvulsants
Insulin
TZDs

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23
Q

What waist circumference is high risk for obesity related health problems?

A

Men: over 40
Women: over 35

24
Q

What are some medications for obesity?

A

Ovsmia
Belviq
Orlistat
Phentermine

25
Q

When can medications be given to patients to help reduce obesity?

A

If BMI is over 27 with risk factors

Any patient with BMI over 30

26
Q

What patients are eligible to receive weight loss surgery?

A

BMI over 35 with comorbid conditions

Any patient with BMI over 40

27
Q

What are the three goals of cross cultural communication?

A
  1. Understand illness from patient’s perspective
  2. Have patient understand medical perspective
  3. Help patient and families feel comfortable
28
Q

What is culture?

A

Beliefs, values, rituals, customs, institutions, social roles, and relationships shared by a group of people

29
Q

What is an advanced directive?

A

A legal document that explains how you would like to be treated in end of life

30
Q

In a condition that is not curable what is vital with stabilization?

A

Get the individual to a function that is acceptable to them

31
Q

Which patients have the least likely chance of surviving CPR?

A

Those with more than 1 medical problem
Those that do not live independently
Those who have a terminal illness

32
Q

How are symptoms of dehydration relieved when a patient is not given artificial fluids?

A

Good oral care

Ice chips and sips of water prevent drying of mouth and sense of dehydration

33
Q

What is palliative care?

A

Attempt to comfort the patient rather than to heal

34
Q

What is hospice care?

A

Attempts to make patient life better when life expectancy is less than 6 months

35
Q

What are comfort measures?

A

Treatments that provide relief of symptoms without prolonging the dying process

36
Q

What is life expectancy once a patient is on dialysis?

A

1 - 2 years

37
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in opioid naïve patients?

A

Dilaudid

Fentanyl

38
Q

What symptoms do all opioids cause?

A

Constipation

Tachyphylaxis

39
Q

Is pain medication taken PRN for chronic conditions?

A

NO

Take medication as scheduled to stay ahead of the pain

40
Q

What opioids improve shortness of breath?

A

Morphine

Oxycodone

41
Q

What are the three main types of pain?

A

Bone
Neuropathic
Nociceptive

42
Q

What are the three main classes of therapy for pain?

A

Opiates
NSAIDs
Steroids

43
Q

What is the most common adjuvant that can be added to opioids for neuropathic pain?

A

Gabapentin

44
Q

What are the three most common tricyclics used?

A

Amytriptyline
Nortryptiline
Trazodone

45
Q

What model for patient care should be followed?

A

Biopsychosocial model

46
Q

What is mindful practice?

A

Clinician’s capacity for reflection, self monitoring, and self awareness to practice at the best of their abilities

47
Q

Who is the major theorist for understanding human behavior?

A

Sigmund freud

48
Q

What is topographical point of view?

A

Mental process and content that are significant in determining behavior but which the patient is unaward

49
Q

What are the three phases of psychosexual development?

A

Oral - Birth to 18 months
Anal - 18 months to 3 years
Phallic - 3 to 6 years

50
Q

What three processes does self regulation contain?

A

Self-observation
Self-evaluation
Self reaction

51
Q

What is primary prevention?
Secondary?
Tertiary?

A
P = prevent onset
S = comply with treatment
T = prevent complications
52
Q

What are the three components that influence a person’s response to sexual stimulation?

A

Informational
Emotional
Imaginal

53
Q

What is the PLISSIT model for sex counseling?

A

Permission
Limited Information
Specific Suggestions
Intensive Therapy

54
Q

What are the four functions of attachment?

A

Sense of security
Regulation of affect and arousal
Promote expressions of feelings
Serve as base for exploration

55
Q

What are the 5 P’s for positioning a child for comfort?

A
Parent
Prepare
Place
Position
Positive atmosphere