Final Exam Flashcards
What is stress?
Perception of exceeding available resources, thereby disrupting homeostasis
How does research suggest that stress and disease is related?
Stress downregulates immune system
Poor food choices are made during stress
What are the two psychological interventions for stress?
Cognitive counsel/exercise
Stress management
What is the Holmes-Rahe scale?
Scale that determines how stressful a life event is
Death of spouse is highest at 100
Total all points over last year
<150 = low amount
150 - 300 = 50% chance of major health breakdown in next 2 years
> 300 = 80% chance of major health breakdown in next two years
What diseases are associated with caregivers stress?
High cholesterol
HTN
Obesity
Depression
What disease is associated with job strain?
Increased carotid disease in young men
How does acute stress cause cardiac disease?
Activates the sympathetic nervous system
Increases BP, HR, coronary constriction and less electrical stability
How does chronic stress cause cardiac disease?
Activates HPA axis producing hypercortisolemia
Causes central obesity
What are the three C’s that protect from stress?
Commitment to self
Control over life
Challenge - change is challenge not a threat
What are the Rahe and Arthur lenses of stress?
Individual perceptions
Coping
Physiologic processes
Arousal reduction activities
What GI issues can arise due to stress?
PUD
Gastric hyperacidity
Abdominal pain
Altered bowel habits
What musculoskeletal issues can arise due to stress?
Arthritic exacerbations
Fibromyalgia
TMJ
Chronic pain
What dermatologic issues can arise due to stress?
Rashes and skin lesions
Vasomotor change
Pruritus
What reproductive issues can arise due to stress?
Amenorrhea Fertility issues Dysmenorrhea Impotence Estrogen and testosterone changes
What is important to remember when communicating with a patient about stress?
Avoid implying illness is pt’s fault
Avoid negative emphasis
Frame beneficial lifestyle changes as pt’s choice
What is the main function of a family?
Mutual exchange and nurturance to meet physical, emotional, and social needs of each individual
What is family system characterized by?
External and internal boundaries
Internal hierarchy
Self regulation
Change with time
What is the “sick role”?
Responsibilities shift to accommodate for a family member that is sick
What psychological factor is associated with anorexia?
Obsessive compulsive qualities
What psychological factor is associated with bulimia?
Impulsivity
What are the different classifications to obesity?
Class 1 - BMI of 30 - 34.9
Class 2 - BMI of 35 - 39.9
Class 3 - BMI over 40
What are medications that can lead to obesity?
Psychotropics
Anticonvulsants
Insulin
TZDs