final exam: ch 20

Question 1

endocrine glands are different from sweat glands in that they are ___

Answer 1

ductless

Question 2

endocrine glands secrete ___ to the blood and are __ throughout the body

Answer 2

hormones, circulated

Question 3

this hormone type is used for short signaling distances, cell to cell

Answer 3

short

Question 4

what is the name for the signaling molecules of the body

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

hormones govern different ___ processes, maintains ___

Answer 5

metabolic, homeostasis

Question 6

do endocrine organs have small or large capillary beds

Answer 6

large

Question 7

the cells that respond to hormones are called ___ cells

Answer 7

target

Question 8

if cells dont have receptors, can they respond to hormones?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

what is the name for the study of hormones

Answer 9

endocrinology

Question 10

the 3 classes of hormones are: SPB

Answer 10

steroid, peptide/protien, biogenic amines

Question 11

what is the example used for peptide/protein hormones

Answer 11

oxytocin, insulin

Question 12

what is the example used for steroid hormones

Answer 12

estrogen

Question 13

what is the example used for biogenic amine hormones

Answer 13

thyroid hormone

Question 14

the two ways hormone secretion is controlled is through __ and __ feedback loops

Answer 14

positive, negative

Question 15

name the feedback loop: desired maintenance value, causes reduction

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

what hormone is used to lower blood sugar levels

Answer 16

insulin

Question 17

name the feedback loop: stimulus speeds up the process. causes increase

Answer 17

positive

Question 18

what gland is melatonin released from

Answer 18

pineal galnd

Question 19

name the gland that is the interface between the nervous and endocrine system

Answer 19

hypothalamic gland

Question 20

what gland controls the release of other hormones via regulatory hormones

Answer 20

hypothalamus

Question 21

what gland of the endocrine system is nicknamed the “master gland”

Answer 21

hypothalamus

Question 22

what is the largest purly glandular tissue

Answer 22

thyroid

Question 23

the right and left lobes of the thyroid are connect via the __

Answer 23

isthmus

Question 24

what is the functional unit of the thyroid

Answer 24

follicle

Question 25

the thyroid produces ___

Answer 25

TGB

Question 26

the parafollicular cells of the thyroid produce a hormone called ___ that ___ the calcium concentration of in the blood

Answer 26

calcitonin, lowers

Question 27

the parathyroid contains chief cells that produce ___ that __ the concentration of calcium in the blood

Answer 27

PTH, increases

Question 28

the adrenal glands are located on top of the __

Answer 28

kidneys

Question 29

the adrenal glands have 3 layers, which one controls salt

Answer 29

zona glomerulosa

Question 30

the adrenal glands have 3 layers, which one controls sugar

Answer 30

zona fasciculata

Question 31

the adrenal glands have 3 layers, which one controls sex hormones

Answer 31

zona reticularis

Question 32

which structure releases norepinephrine and epinephrine

Answer 32

adrenal medulla

Question 33

are fat cells involved in cell signaling

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

which organ is involved in both exocrine and endocrine systems

Answer 34

pancreas

Question 35

the hormones of what organ regulate the blood glucose levels

Answer 35

pancreas

Question 36

the pancreas is made of ___

Answer 36

islets

Question 37

name for a group of cells contained in the body of the pancreas

Answer 37

islets

Question 38

name the two cell types contained in the pancreas

Answer 38

alpha and beta

Question 39

which pancreatic cell increases glucose levels

Answer 39

alpha

Question 40

which pancreatic cell decreases blood glucose levels

Answer 40

beta

Question 41

the alpha and beta cells of the pancreas are ___

Answer 41

opposites

Question 42

name the two pancreatic cells that work against each other to regulate blood glucose levels

Answer 42

alpha and beta

Question 43

what gland shrinks with age

Answer 43

thymus

Question 44

the thymus maintains __ and is the location of ___ cells

Answer 44

immunity, t-lymphocytes