FINAL EXAM CHAP 14 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is biotechnology?
the use of recombinant DNA molecular biology to produce services
How does biotechnology affect our daily lives?
Protect endangered species, treat disease with stem cells, produce new varieties of plants, make pharmaceutical products
How does biotechnology affect human proteins?
treating diseases; new treatments for diseases
what were the sources of therapeutic proteins before biotechnology?
slaughterhouses, donated human blood, and human cadavers
What is recombinant DNA technology?
Introducing human genes into other cells
T or F: Human proteins are grown in bacteria to reduce the risk of blood clotting
True
T or F: Insulin is made by recombinant DNA technology
True
What are stem cells?
Unspecialized cells, renew by cell division, and can turn into other cells
what are embryonic stem cells?
form during the blastocyst stage and comprise the inner cell mass of an embryo
Pluripotent cells vs multipotent cells
Pluripotent can differentiate into all cell types and multipotent can differentiate into only some cell types
T or F: Somatic cells being reprogrammed to become a stem cell is a iPS cell
True
What is the best cell for stem cell-based therapies?
Embryonic stem cells make the best candidates for therapy because of pluripotency
What are adult stem cells used for?
Bone marrow transplants, infusion of differentiated heart cells, burn treatment
What is GM plants?
Genes transferred into crop plants using biotechnology to create a specific trait
What are benefits of GMOs?
Enhance the nutritional value of the food, resistant to pests, tolerant of herbicides
HD in transgenic mouse models
micro injection of mutant human HD allele onto fertilized mouse eggs
What are short tandem repeats?
short, repeated sequences, 2 to 9 base pairs in length
What do DNA profiles/DNA fingerprinting reveal?
Variations in the DNA sequences between different individuals
What is the CODIS panel used for?
Used by law enforcement and government agencies in preparing DNA profiles
What is a positive match between DNA profiles and suspects determined by?
Population gray by of the STR alleles present and the probability that two unrelated individuals would have the same DNA profile at the STR loci
stem cells that are able to differentiate into any type of cell are called
pluripotent
what are induced pluripotent stem cells created from?
somatic cell (usually skin)
T/F: genes from a foreign species can be transferred into a plant through artificial selection
false
T/F: crop plants can be engineered to express BT toxin, which makes them resistance a pest like insects
True
