Final Exam New Content Part 2

Question 1

Carbon Cycle

Answer 1

biogeochemical cycle that regulates climate. Volcanic CO2 adds carbon to the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 is removed by dissolving in water, photosynthesis and weathering

Question 2

Dendrochronology

Answer 2

scientific method of dating and studying tree rings to understand past climate and chronological events

Question 3

Eccentricity

Answer 3

circular to elliptical orbit

Question 4

Foraminifera

Answer 4

marine organisms, most abundant shelled organism, shells made of CaC03. Accumulate at bottom of ocean. High 18O/16O value in cold period, opposite in warm

Question 5

Methane Hydrates

Answer 5

ice like crystalline solid where methane gas is trapped inside cages of water molecules

Question 6

18O/16O ratio

Answer 6

160(light, easy to evaporate, harder to condense) 180(heavy, hard to evaporate, easy to condensate)

Question 7

Obliquity

Answer 7

angle of earths tilt

Question 8

Precession

Answer 8

Earths Wobble

Question 9

Proxy Methods

Answer 9

using pieces of information found in the natural environment to reconstruct historic climates
Residence Time – average time a substance stays in a reservoir

Question 10

Anoxic

Answer 10

an environment that lacks oxygen

Question 11

BIFs

Answer 11

sedimentary deposits with altering layers of fe-rich material and Chet, implies increased photosynthesis

Question 12

Dimension Stone

Answer 12

rock slabs used as building material. A nonmetallic mineral resource

Question 13

Fracking

Answer 13

method to extract oil and gas from deep underground rock formations

Question 14

Hydrothermal Alteration

Answer 14

Hot chemically active water

Question 15

Magmatic Activity

Answer 15

magmatic deposits from a cooling plutonic intrusion

Question 16

Malleable

Answer 16

refers to metal ability to withstand stress without rupturing, hammered into shapes

Question 17

Photovoltaic

Answer 17

directly turns solar energy into electricity, manufacturing cost is very high. Good for remote locations and intermittent use

Question 18

Placer Deposits

Answer 18

hydraulic sorting by flowing water

Question 19

Reservoir Rock

Answer 19

rock that contain, or could contain accessible oil or gas

Question 20

Smokers

Answer 20

hydrothermal deposits found near mid ocean ridges. Seawater in cracked, hot crust is heating leaching metals. Hot water hits cold ocean and metals crystallize out

Question 21

Solar Collectors

Answer 21

passive (direct heating by the sun, common in west US). Active (move energy from one location to another, e.g. solar water heater)

Question 22

Source Rock

Answer 22

raw materials form which hydrocarbons form

Question 23

Traps

Answer 23

capture contain or hold something