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Flashcards in Final key terms Deck (73)
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0
Q

John Boehner

A

Speaker of the House of Representatives. From Ohio. Republican Party.

1
Q

Ted Cruz

A

Senator for Texas, elected in 2013. Republican Party. 1st Cuban-American or Latino to hold office.

2
Q

Interest Group ( goal )

A

An organized group of individuals that seeks to influence public policy. Also called a “ lobby”.

3
Q

Lobbyist

A

A representative of an interest group.

4
Q

Civil Liberties

A

Freedoms guaranteed to individuals taking the form of restraint on government.

5
Q

Civil Rights

A

Powers or privileges guaranteed to individuals and protected from arbitrary removal at the hands of government or individuals.

6
Q

Affirmative Action

A

Any of a wide range of programs, from special recruitment efforts to numerical quotas, aimed at expanding opportunities for women and minority groups.

7
Q

Fighting Words

A

Speech that is not protected by the First Amendment because it inflicts injury or tends to incite an immediate disturbance of the peace.

8
Q

Miranda Warnings

A

Statements concerning rights that police are required to make to a person before he or she is subjected to in-custody questioning.

9
Q

Exclusionary Rule

A

The judicial rule that states that evidence obtained in an illegal search and seizure cannot be used in trial.

10
Q

House of Representatives # ?

Leader: ?

A

435

John Boehner, Speaker of the House, Republican from Ohio.

11
Q

Senate # ?

Leader: ?

A

100

Joe Biden, Democrat.

12
Q

Karen Ignagni

A

President and chief executive officer of America’s health Insurance Plans. Big fish, powerful lobbyist.

13
Q

Harry Reid

A

Senator from Nevada, elected leader of U.S Senate in 2008. Democrat.

14
Q

PAC

A

Political Action Committee.
An organization that collects campaign contributions from group members and donates them to candidates for political office.

15
Q

5 Wy elected executive branch officials

A
Governor ( Matt Mead)
Secretary of State ( Max Maxfield ) 
Auditor ( Cynthia Cloud ) 
Treasurer ( Joe Mayer )
Superintendent of Public Instruction ( Cindy Hill )
16
Q

Matt Mead

A

Governor of Wyoming, elected in 2010. Republican.

17
Q

Cindy Hill case?

A

Senate File 104 stripped from Hill control over the Wyoming Department of Education. The Wyoming Supreme Court declared the law unconstitutional on Jan. 28.

18
Q

5 Wyoming Justices ( Chief Justice )

A
Barton R. Voigt 
Michael Golden
Marilyn S. Kite ( Chief Justice )
William U. Hill 
E. James Burke
19
Q

Wyoming retirement age for Judges?

A

70

20
Q

Structure Wyoming Courts ?

A

Supreme Court
District Court
Circuit Court
Municipal Court

21
Q

Natrona County is located in which District Court ?

A

District # 7

22
Q

Do Wyomingites retain Judges?

A

Yes! After serving x at least one full year, in November general election, the new judge or justice must be “retained” in office by a majority vote of the ppl of his or her jurisdiction, circuit, Judicial district, or ( In the case of Supreme Court ) the entire state.

23
Q

When Wyoming legislature meet? Limits ?

A

Legislature may not meet x more than 60 days every two years.

24
Q

General Session vs. Budget Session

A

40 day general session to be held in odd number years.

20 day budget session to be held in even number years.

25
Q

Citizen United vs. FEC ( Federal Election Commission )

A

In 2010, the Supreme Court ruled in the Citizens United case that government may not restrict corporations and unions from spending money in candidate elections.

26
Q

Veto Legislation

A

The president’s disapproval of a bill that has been passed by both houses of congress. Congress can override a veto with a two-third vote in each house.

27
Q

Incumbency Effect

A

lll

28
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party.

29
Q

Reapportionment

A

Redistribution of representatives among the states, based on population changed. The House is reappointed after each census.

30
Q

Impeachment

A

The formal charging of a government official with “ treason, bribery, or other high crime and misdemeanors”.

31
Q

Census

A

National census every ten years. The actual counting of the total population of a specific country.

32
Q

Filibuster

A

A delaying tactic, used in the Senate, that involves speech making to prevent action on piece of legislation.

33
Q

Earmarks

A

Federal funds appropriated by congress for use in local projects.

34
Q

House Rules Committee

A

An important difference between the two chambers is the House’s use of its Rules committee to govern floor debate. Lacking a similar committee to act as a “ traffic cop “ for legislation, the Senate relies on unanimous consent agreements to set the starting time and length of debate.

35
Q

Women in the Senate today ?

A

20 current female Senators

36
Q

Role Vice President in Senate

A

The Constitution makes the vice president of the United States the president of the Senate. But in practice the vice president rarely visits the Senate, unless there is a possibility of a tie vote, in which case he can break the tie.

37
Q

Requirements to be president of USA

A

Article II of the Constitution: the president must be a U. S.- born citizen, at least thirty- five years old, who has lived in the United States for a minimum of fourteen years.

38
Q

Obama & Biden

A

President & Vice President of USA

39
Q

Most influential Vice President

A

Dick Cheney

40
Q

Formal Powers

A

The Constitution clearly involves the president in the policymaking process through his veto power, his ability to report to Congress on the state of the Union, and his role as commander in chief.

41
Q

Inherent powers

A

Authority claimed by the president that is not clearly specified in the Constitution. Typically, these powers are inferred from the Constitution.

42
Q

Line succession to presidency

A
Vice President 
Speaker of the House 
President pro tempore of the Senate 
Secretary of State 
Secretary of the Treasury 
...
43
Q

Judicial Review

A

The power to declare congressional ( and presidential) acts invalid because they violate the Constitution.

44
Q

Plea Bargain

A

A defendant’s admission of guilt in exchange for a less severe punishment.

45
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

The clause in Article VI of the Constitution that asserts that national laws take precedence over state and local laws when they conflict.

46
Q

Rule of Four

A

An unwritten rule that requires at least four justices to agree that a case warrants consideration before it is reviewed by the U. S. Supreme Court.

47
Q

Term length of USA Supreme Court Justice ?

A

For live !

48
Q

Wyoming is member of Circuit Court Appeals # ?

A

10 th!

49
Q

Structure Federal Courts

A

USA Supreme Court
USA Courts of Appeals
USA District Courts

50
Q

Chief Justice of USA Supreme Court

A

John G. Roberts

51
Q

Nancy Freudenthal

A

United States district judge on the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming.

52
Q

How many cases does the Supreme Court take each year?

A

Around 80

53
Q

“Kennedy” Court?

A

Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy privileged to “swing” vote in the USA Supreme Court based on a majoritarian model of democracy.

54
Q

Engel vs Vitale ( Freedom of Religion )

A

1962, Supreme Court held that official state approval of prayer was an unconstitutional attempt on the part of the state to establish a religion.E

55
Q

Tinker vs Des Moines ( Symbolic expression)

A

3 public school students who wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War. Principals in their school district had prohibited the wearing of arm bands on the grounds that such conduct would provoke a disturbance; the district suspended the students. The Supreme Court overturned the suspensions. Justice Abe Fortas declared for the majority that the principals had failed to show that the forbidden conduct would substantially interfere with appropriate school discipline.

56
Q

Cohen vs California ( Freedom of Speech )

A

1971, a 19 year old dude, wore a jacket at LA County Court house, that it said; “FUCK THE DRAFT, STOP THE WAR”. He was found guilty and sentenced to thirty days in jail. On appeal, the U. S. Supreme Court reversed Cohen’s conviction.

57
Q

Snyder vs Phelps ( Freedom of Speech )

A

2011, it was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that speech on a public sidewalk, about a public issue, cannot be liable for a tort of emotional distress, even if the speech is found to be “outrageous”. 8-1 in favor of Phelps, the stupid ones!

58
Q

First Amendment Speech- Limits ?

A

Protects freedoms of speech in form of symbolic expression, threatening speech, even hateful speech as far as the government cannot prove that such advocacy is ‘‘ directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.’’
Fighting words are not protected by Freedom of Speech.

59
Q

Roe v. Wade ( 9 th Amendment & Personal Autonomy )

A

In Roe v. Wade ( 1973), the Court, in a 7– 2 decision, declared unconstitutional a Texas law making it a crime to obtain an abortion except for the purpose of saving the woman’s life.

60
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson ( “Legal” racial segregation )

A

The majority in Plessy v. Ferguson* ( 1896) upheld state imposed racial segregation. 12 They based their decision on what came to be known as the separate- but- equal doctrine, which held that separate facilities for blacks and whites satEisfied the Fourteenth Amendment as long as they were equal.

61
Q

Brown v. Board of Education I and II

A

Brown v. Board of Education I: This case was the culmination of twenty years of planning and litigation on the part of the NAACP to invalidate racial segregation in public schools.
Brown v. Board of Education II: School systems must desegregate ‘‘ with all deliberate speed’’ and assigned the task of supervising desegregation to the lower federal courts.

62
Q

The Civil Right Act of 1964

A

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, furthered the value of equality by establishing the right to nondiscrimination in public accommodations and the right to equal employment opportunity.

63
Q

John F. Kennedy

A

Become president in 1961, he supported the civil right movements. In 1963,Kennedy asked Congress for legislation that would outlaw segregation in public accommodations. Congress had not yet enacted Kennedy’s public accommodations bill when he was assassinated on November 22, 1963. His successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, considered civil rights his top legislative priority. Johnson’s long congressional experience and exceptional leadership ability as Senate majority leader were put to good use in overcoming the considerable opposition to the legislation. Within months, Congress enacted the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which included a vital provision barring segregation in most public accommodations.

64
Q

Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln

A

The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln in1863, as a war measure during the American Civil War, directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the Executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States. It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states that were still in rebellion.

65
Q

DOMA

A

Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA). President Clinton signed the bill into law. The law defines marriage as a union between people of opposite sexes and declares that states are not obliged to recognize gay marriages performed elsewhere. The law does not ban such unions; it only protects states from having to recognize same sex marriage sanctioned by other states.

66
Q

Windsor Case 2013

A

The Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of “marriage” and “spouse” to apply only to heterosexual unions, by Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment, because doing so “disparage[s] and … injure[s] those whom the State, by its marriage laws, sought to protect in personhood and dignity.”

67
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life.

68
Q

Equality of Outcome

A

The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved.

69
Q

University of California v. Bakke * ( Affirmative Action )

A

White dude rejected from University due to Affirmative action policy. The Court struck down the school’s rigid use of race, thus admitting Bakke, and it approved of affirmative action programs in education that use race as a plus factor ( one of many such factors) but not as the sole factor.

70
Q

Gratz v. Bollinger * ( Michigan undergraduate admission policy, affirmative action)

A

Court considered the university’s undergraduate admissions policy, which conferred 20 points automatically to members of favored groups ( 100 points guaranteed admission). In a 6– 3 opinion, Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist argued that such a policy violated the equal protection clause because it lacked the narrow tailoring required for permissible racial preferenIces and it failed to provide for individualized consideration of each candidate.

71
Q

Grutter * v. Bollinger ( Michigan Law School )

A

The equal protection clause did not bar the school’s narrowly tailored use of racial preferences to further a compelling interest that flowed from a racially diverse student body. Since each applicant is judged individually on his or her merits, race remains only one among many factors that enter into the admissions decision.

72
Q

Fisher* v. University of Texas

A

challenge to the University of Texas race-based admissions program. This case once again put such preferences in college admissions squarely before a more conservative bench. The Court’s willingness to revisit the issue suggests that the policy’s days are numbered.