Final (Lectures 5-7) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Final (Lectures 5-7) Deck (86)
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1
Q

low PCV

A

Anemia

2
Q

treatment for anemia

A

Treatment is a blood transfusion

3
Q

what is used in PCV

A

Non clotted blood

4
Q

how do the PCV tubes fill

A

Capillary action is how the PCV tubes are filled

5
Q

what must each clinic have

A

a centrifuge that can spin capillary tubes

6
Q

3 pars of the Buffy coat

A
  • WBC
  • Platelets
  • Nucleated RBC’s (immature red blood cell)
7
Q

what does PCV measure

A

Percentage of blood that is made up of red blood cells

8
Q

2 other names for packed cell volume

A

PCV

microhematocrit

9
Q

how are Traditionally expressed

A

percentage (%)

10
Q

how are SI units expressed

A

L/L

11
Q

how accurate are PCV

A

1-2% error

12
Q

when should you read your PCV

A

immediately after its spun down

13
Q

top to bottom PCV tube

A
  • plasma
  • Buffy coat
  • RBC
  • clay plug
14
Q

how to read PCV on card

A
  • top line: meniscus of plasma
  • read at top of RBC layer
  • zero line: bottom of RBC layer
15
Q

traditional units (%) are _______ and most _____

A

Canadian and common

16
Q

normal canine PCV

A

37 – 55%

0.37 – 0.55 L/L

17
Q

normal feline PCV

A

27 – 45%

0.27 – 0.45 L/L

18
Q

icterus plasma is normal in which animals

A

in ruminants (sheep) and horses

19
Q

icteric plasma is what colour

A

yellow

20
Q

what is the normal plasma colour for cats and dogs

A

no colour

21
Q

icteric caused by what

A
  • Normal in cattle & horses
  • Hemoconcentration
  • Dehydration
  • Post-racing in the horse
  • Liver disease
  • Biliary obstruction
22
Q

what does red plasma mean

A

improper sample collection or rough sample handling

23
Q

when is plasma produced

A

Plasma is produced when blood is centrifuged after the addition of an anticoagulant

24
Q

plasma still contains what

A

clotting factors

25
Q

causes of red plasma

A
  • May be due to disease or technique

- Technical errors due to blood collection can cause hemolysis

26
Q

causes of white plasma

A

Can be due to increased cholesterol and/or triglycerides

27
Q

post pandal

A

after eating

28
Q

patient should be what before blood collection

A

fasted for 12 hours

29
Q

decreased Serum/Plasma Protein

A
  • Youth
  • Malnutrition
  • Liver disease
  • Pregnancy & lactation
30
Q

increased Serum/Plasma Protein

A
  • dehydration

- antibody production

31
Q

what do male ticks not carry

A

male deer ticks do not carry lyme

32
Q

blacklegged/deer tick

A

ixodes scapularis

33
Q

lone star

A

amblyomma americanum

34
Q

american dog tick

A

demacentor variabilis

35
Q

name 5 risk areas

A
Kingston
ottawa
pickering
niagara 
Peterborough
36
Q

head of the tick

A

capitulum

37
Q

blacklegged tick ID

A

scutum: solid black or brown
festoons: none present
capitulum: long
location and time of year: deciduous forest Oct-May

38
Q

American Dog tick ID

A

scutum: paternel or orinate
festoons: yes
capitulum: short
location and time of year: tall grass and bush Oct-May

39
Q

lone star tick id

A

scutum: patterned (yellow dot)
festoons: yes
capitulum: long
location and time of year: woodlands

40
Q

deer ticks carry

A

Lyme disease, babesiosis, anaplasmosis

41
Q

dog ticks cary

A

Rocky Mt. spotted fever

42
Q

lone star ticks carry

A

ehrliciosis

43
Q

Lyme disease causes symptoms in _____ of affected dog vs ________ in humans

A

Lyme disease causes symptoms in 5-10% of affected dog vs 80-90% in humans

44
Q

how long does it take to transmit lyme

A

24-48 hours

45
Q

parasitology

A

The study of organisms that live in or on another organism, from which they derive their nourishment.

46
Q

what can be a good preliminary test to diagnose protozoa

A

direct smear

47
Q

direct smears are always used to evaluate what

A

bodily fluids

48
Q

when doing a Rapid microscopic scan what are you looking for

A

eggs, larvae, trophozoites

49
Q

Centrifugal flotation is more effective for what

A

floating eggs

50
Q

3 common solutions

A
  • Sugar
  • sodium chloride
  • sodium nitrate
  • magnesium sulfate
  • zinc sulfate
51
Q

_______ is the (#1 Preliminary test for parasite testing

A

fecal floatation

52
Q

what does the Cellophane Tape Prep

help with

A

Recover eggs of Oxyuris (pinworms)

Aid in tapeworm identification

53
Q

how to perform Cellophane Tape Prep

A

Tape pressed to perianal area (anus) (sticky side out) then to glass slide (sticky side down)

54
Q

can people get pinworms from animals

A

NO

55
Q

an egg count is done on what animals

A

farm

56
Q

3 other fecal exam types

A
  • Chemical testing
  • Vomitus examination
  • Fecal culture
57
Q

examples of secondary hosts

A
Mouse 
Tick 
Deer 
Mosquito
Flea
58
Q

secondary host or intermediate host are the ________

A

SAME

59
Q

what is an intermediate host

A

a host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, during which (usually) some developmental stage is completed.

60
Q

direct life cycle

A

No intermediate host needed for development to the infective stage

61
Q

indirect life cycle

A

An intermediate host is needed for development to the infective stage

62
Q

flat worms, cestodes, trematodes

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

63
Q

cestodes and Trematodes intermediate host

A

aquatic animals (snail, frogs)

64
Q

cestodes

A

tape worm

65
Q

Trematodes

A

flukes

66
Q

diagnosis for cestodes and Trematodes

A
  • direct smear of the septum
  • Fecal flotation
  • Segment/proglotid crush & exam
67
Q

lung fluke of cats & dogs

A

Paragonimus kellicotti

68
Q

symptoms of tape worms

A

Weight loss
Diaherria
Dehydrated

69
Q

most pathogenic

stage of tape worms

A

Larval

70
Q

what are intermediate-host tapeworms

A

fleas and sheep

71
Q

how to get tapeworms

A
  • Ingestion of larval stages

- Ingestion of cestode egg

72
Q

life cycle of a cestode

A

indirect

73
Q

Phylum Nematodes are what

A

zoonotic

74
Q

Roundworms

A
  • Competes for nutrients like tape worm

- Ocular, transmamory, transplasental migration

75
Q

hookworms

A
  • Careful in sand

- Promote bleed and symptoms include anemia and blood in the stool

76
Q

whipworms

A

Promote bleed and symptoms include anemia and blood in the stool

77
Q

roundworm name in cats

A

Toxocara cati

78
Q

roundworm name in dogs

A

Toxocara canis

79
Q

roundworm name in dogs and cats

A

Toxascaris leonina

80
Q

examples of Phylum Nematodes

A

roundworms
hookworms
whipworms

81
Q

scientific name of whipworm

A

Trichuris vulpis

82
Q

what is self limiting

A

sometimes the infection will resolve on it’s own when in low numbers

83
Q

zoonotic Protozoans

A

Giardia spp.

Toxoplasma gondii

Cryptosporidium parvum

84
Q

coxidia is problematic in what kind of animals

A

young animals

85
Q

coxidia is what

A

self limiting

86
Q

Coccidiosis

A

One of the most commonly diagnosed diseases in puppies and kittens