Final Muscle Attachments, Actions, & Innervations Flashcards
1
Q
Latissimus dorsi attachments
A
from… lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia & iliac crest
to… floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
2
Q
Latissimus dorsi actions
A
adduction
extension
medial rotation of humerus
3
Q
Latissimus dorsi innervation
A
thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
4
Q
Levator scapulae attachments
A
from… transverse processes of C1-C4
to… superior angle and superomedial border of the scapula
5
Q
Levator scapulae actions
A
elevation of scapula
downward rotation of scapula
6
Q
Levator scapulae innervation
A
dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
sensory: direct branches of C3-4
7
Q
Pectoralis major attachments
A
from… clavicle, costal cartilages, sternum & aponeurosis of the external oblique
to… the lateral lip of of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
8
Q
Pectoralis major actions
A
humeral adduction
humeral flexion
humeral medial rotation
Sternocostal portion: assists with extension of the flexed arm
9
Q
Pectoralis major innervations
A
lateral & medial pectoral nerves
(clavicular head C5-7; sternocostal head C8-T1)
10
Q
Pectoralis minor attachments
A
from… outer surfaces of ribs 3-5
to… the coracoid process
11
Q
Pectoralis minor actions
A
anterior tilt of scapula
assists with depression of the shoulder
forced inspiration
12
Q
Pectoralis minor innervations
A
medial & lateral pectoral nerves
(C5-T1)
13
Q
Rhomboids attachments
A
major: from… spinous processes T2-5; minor: from… ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes C7-T1
to… medial border of scapula
14
Q
Rhomboids actions
A
scapular retraction
scapular elevation (upper)
scapular downward rotation
15
Q
Rhomboids innervation
A
PNS: dorsal scapular nerve (CNS: C4-C5)
sensory: direct branches of C3-4
16
Q
Serratus anterior attachments
A
from… the outer surfaces & superior borders of upper eight-ten ribs
to… the costal surfaces of the medial border of the scapula
17
Q
Serratus anterior actions
A
scapular protraction
upward rotation of the scapula
18
Q
Serratus anterior innervation
A
long thoracic nerve (C5-7)
19
Q
Subclavius attachments
A
from… 1st rib & cartilage
to… the undersurface of the clavicle
20
Q
Subclavius actions
A
depresses clavicle
stabilizes clavicle
21
Q
Subclavius innervation
A
subclavian nerve (C5-6)
22
Q
Trapezius attachments
A
from… superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, & cervical & thoracic spinous processes
to… clavicle, acromion & scapular spine
23
Q
Trapezius actions
A
scapular elevation (upper)
scapular depression (lower)
scapular retraction (middle)
scapular upwards rotation (upper & lower)
24
Q
Trapezius innervation
A
accessory nerve (CN XI),
(sensory: C3-4)
25
Deltoid attachments
from... clavicle, acromion process & spine of the scapula
to... deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
26
Deltoid actions
flexion & medial rotation (anterior) of humerus
abduction (primarily middle) of humerus
extension & lateral rotation of humerus
horizontal extension (posterior) of humerus
27
Deltoid innervations
axillary nerve
(spinal: C5-C6)
28
Supraspinatus attachments
from... medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa
to... superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus & to shoulder joint capsule
29
Supraspinatus actions
initiates humeral abduction
laterally rotates humerus
stabilizes glenohumeral joint (reinforces superior aspect of joint capsule)
30
Supraspinatus innervations
suprascapular nerve (C4-6)
31
Infraspinatus attachments
from... the medial 2/3 of the infraspinous fossa
to... the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus & to shoulder joint capsule
32
Infraspinatus actions
lateral rotation of humerus
stabilizes glenohumeral joint
33
Infraspinatus innervations
PNS: suprascapular nerve
CNS: C5-6
34
Teres minor attachments
from... the upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula
to... the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus & to shoulder joint capsule
35
Teres minor actions
lateral rotation of humerus
stabilizes glenohumeral joint
36
Teres minor innervations
axillary nerve (sensory C5-C6)
37
Subscapularis attachments
from... the subscapular fossa
to... the lesser tubercle of the of the humerus
38
Subscapularis actions
medial rotation of humerus
stabilizes glenohumeral joint
39
Subscapularis innervations
Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-6)
40
Teres major attachments
from... the dorsal surface of the inferior angle scapula & lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
to... the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
41
Teres major actions
humeral adduction
medial rotation of humerus
extension of humerus
42
Teres major innervations
lower subscapular nerve (C5-6)
43
Anconeus attachments
From... lateral epicondyle of humerus
to... lateral surface of the olecranon process
44
Anconeus actions
Extension of elbow
45
Anconeus innervation
Radial nerve (C7-8)
46
Biceps brachii attachments
From... coracoid process (short head) and supraglenoid tubercle (long head) of scapula
to... the radial tuberosity and the deep antebrachial fascia (through the bicipital aponeurosis)
47
Biceps brachii actions
Flexion of the shoulder and elbow
supination of the forearm
48
Biceps brachii innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6)
49
Brachialis attachments
From... the distal anterior shaft of the humerus and lateral/medial intermuscular septa
to... the coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
50
Brachialis actions
Flexion of the elbow
51
Brachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous and small branch from radial nerve (C5-6)
52
Coracobrachialis attachments
From... the coracoid process
to... the proximal medial shaft of the humerus
53
Coracobrachialis actions
Flexion of shoulder
adduction of the shoulder
54
Coracobrachialis innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve (C6-7)
55
Triceps Brachii attachments
From... the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), and proximal posterolateral (lateral head) and distal posteromedial (medial head) shaft of the humerus
to... the olecranon process of the ulna
56
Triceps Brachii actions
Extension of the shoulder (long head)
extension of the elbow (long, lateral and medial heads)
57
Triceps Brachii innervation
Radial nerve (C6-T1)
58
Abductor pollicis longus attachments
from... proximal posterior radius, ulna & interosseous membrane
to... the base of the 1st metacarpal & trapezium
59
Abductor pollicis longus actions
abducts thumb
extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)
60
Abductor pollicis longus innervation
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C6-8
61
Brachioradialis attachments
from... the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
to... the distal radius lateral to the styloid process
62
Brachioradialis actions
flexes the elbow
63
Brachioradialis innervation
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C5-6
64
Extensor carpi radialis brevis attachments
from... lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)
to... the base of the 3rd metacarpal
65
Extensor carpi radialis brevis actions
extends hand at wrist
abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)
66
Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C6-8
67
Extensor carpi radialis longus attachments
from... the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
to... the base of the 2nd metacarpal
68
Extensor carpi radialis longus actions
extends hand at wrist
abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)
assists in flexion of the elbow
69
Extensor carpi radialis longus innervations
PNS: radial nerve
CVS: C6-8
70
Extensor carpi ulnaris attachments
from... the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)
to... the base of the 5th metacarpal
71
Extensor carpi ulnaris actions
extends hand at wrist
adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation)
72
Extensor carpi ulnaris innervations
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C6-8
73
Extensor digitorum attachments
from... the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)
to... the extensor expansions of digits 2-5
74
Extensor digitorum actions
extends phalanges (primarily at metacarpophalangeal, secondarily at interphalangeal)
extends hand at wrist
75
Extensor digitorum innervations
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C6-8
76
Extensor digiti minimi attachments
from... the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin)
to... the digital expansion of the 5th digit
77
Extensor digiti minimi actions
extends 5th digit (metacarpophalangeal & interphalangheal)
78
Extensor digiti mini innervations
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C7-8
79
Extensor indicis attachments
from... the posterior surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane
to... the digital expansion of the 2nd digit
80
Extensor indicis actions
extends 2nd digit (metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal
81
Extensor indicis innervations
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C7-8
82
Extensor pollicis brevis attachments
from... the posterior radial surface & interosseous membrane
to... the base of the 1st proximal phalanx
83
Extensor pollicis brevis actions
extends thumb (metacarpophalangeal)
extends CMC joint
abducts CMC joint
84
Extensor pollicis brevis innervations
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C6-8
85
Extensor pollicis longus attachments
from... the middle 1/3rd of the posterior surface of the ulna & interosseous membrane
to... the base of the 1st distal phalanx
86
Extensor pollicis longus actions
extends thumb (CMC & metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal)
87
Extensor pollicis longus innervations
radial nerve
(C6-8)
88
Flexor carpi radialis attachments
from... the medial epicondyle (common flexor origin)
to... the palmar aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal
89
Flexor carpi radialis actions
flexes hand at wrist
abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation)
may assist in pronation of forearm & flexion of the elbow
90
Flexor carpi radialis innervation
PNS: median nerve
CNS: C6-8
91
Flexor carpi ulnaris attachments
from... the medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) of the humerus & proximal ulnar shaft
to... the pisiform
92
Flexor carpi ulnaris actions
flexes hand at wrist
adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation)
assists in flexion of the elbow
93
Flexor carpi ulnaris innervations
PNS: ulnar nerve
CNS: C7-T1
94
Flexor digitorum profundus attachments
from... the anterior proximal two thirds of the ulna & interosseous membrane
to... the base of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
95
Flexor digitorum profundus actions
flexion of digits 2-5 (metacarpophalangeal & distal interphalangeal & proximal interphalangeal)
flexion of hand at wrist
96
Flexor digitorum profundus innervations
PNS: median (anterior interosseous nerve; 2nd & 3rd digits) & ulnar (4th & 5th digits) nerves
CNS: C7-T1
97
Flexor digitorum superficialis attachments
from... the medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) of the humerus
to... the sides of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
98
Flexor digitorum superficialis actions
flexion of digits (metacarpophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal)
flexes hand at wrist
99
Flexor digitorum superficialis innervations
PNS: median nerve
CNS: C7-T1
100
Flexor pollicis longus attachments
from... the anterior surface off the radius & interosseous membrane
to... the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
101
Flexor pollicis longus actions
flexes thumb (metacarpophalangeal & interphalangeal)
102
Flexor pollicis longus innervations
PNS: median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
CNS: C7-T1
103
Palmaris longus attachments
from... the medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor origin)
to... the palmar aponerousis
104
Palmaris longus actions
flexes hand at wrist
tenses palmar fascia
105
Palmaris longus innervations
PNS: median nerve
CNS: C7-8
106
Pronator quadratus attachments
from... the anterior surface of the distal ulna
to... the anterior surface of the distal radius
107
Pronator quadratus actions
pronates the forearm
108
Pronator quadratus innervations
PNS: median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve
CNS: C8-T1
109
Pronator teres attachments
from... the medial epicondyle & ulnar coronoid process
to... lateral aspect of the radius
110
Pronator teres actions
pronates forearm
flexes forearm
111
Pronator teres innervation
PNS: median nerve
CNS C6-7
112
Supinator attachments
from... the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral ligament & supinator crest of the ulna
to... the lateral surface of the proximal radius
113
Supinator actions
supinates forearm
114
Supinator innervations
PNS: radial nerve
CNS: C5-6
115
Abductor digiti minimi attachments
from... the pisiform
to... the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
116
Abductor digiti minimi actions
abducts 5th digit
117
Abductor digiti minimi innervations
PNS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
CNS: C8-T1
118
Abductor pollicis brevis attachments
From... the transverse carpal ligament
to... the radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and tubercle of trapezium
119
Abductor pollicis brevis actions
abducts the thumb
120
Abductor pollicis brevis innervations
PNS: recurrent branch of the median nerve
CNS: C6-T1
121
Adductor pollicis attachments
from... the capitate & 2nd & 3rd metacarpals (oblique head) & the palmar aspect of the 3rd metacarpal (transverse head)
to... the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
122
adductor pollicis actions
adducts the thumb
123
Adductor pollicis innervations
PNS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
CNS: C8-T1
124
Dorsal interossei attachments
from... the adjacent sides of the metacarpals
to... the proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4
125
Dorsal interossei (hand) actions
abducts (MCP) of digits 2-4
flexes (MCP) of digits 2-4
extends (IP) of digits 2-4
126
Dorsal interossei innervations
PNS: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
CNS: C8-T1
127
Flexor digiti minimi brevis attachments
from... the hamate
to... the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
128
Flexor digiti minimi brevis actions
Flexes MCP of the 5th digit
129
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand) innervations
PNS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
CNS: C8-T1
130
Flexor pollicis brevis attachments
from... the transverse carpal ligament & trapezium
to... the radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb; deep head blends with opponens pollicis
131
Flexor pollicis brevis actions
Flexes MCP of thumb
132
Flexor pollicis brevis innervations
PNS: Superficial head: recurrent branch of the median nerve
.........Deep head: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
CNS: Superficial head: (C6-T1)
.........Deep head: (C8-T1)
133
Lumbricals attachments
from... the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
to... the radial side of the dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-5
134
Lumbricals actions
flexes MCP joints of digits 2-5
extends IP joints of digits 2-5
135
Lumbricals (hand) innervations
PNS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve (3rd & 4th (CNS: C8-T1)) & median nerve (1st & 2nd CNS: (C7-T1))
136
Opponens digiti minimi attachments
from... the hook of the hamate
to... the ulnar margin of the shaft of the 5th metacarpal
137
Opponens digiti minimi actions
opposition of the 5th digit to the thumb
138
Opponens digiti minimi innervations
PNS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
CNS: C8-T1
139
Opponens pollicis attachments
from... the transverse carpal ligament & trapezium
to... the palmar surface of the 1st metacarpal
140
Opponens pollicis actions
opposition of the thumb to the 5th digit
141
Opponens pollicis innervations
PNS: recurrent branch of the median nerve
CNS: C6-T1
142
Palmar interossei attachments
from... the palmar aspects of metacarpals 2, 4 & 5
to... the dorsal digital expansions of digits 2, 4, & 5
143
Palmar interossei actions
adducts MCP of digits 2, 4, & 5
flexes MCP of digits 2, 4, & 5
extends IP of digits 2, 4, & 5
144
Palmar interossei innervations
PNS: deep branch of the ulnar nerve
CNS: C8-T1
145
Buccinator attachments
from... alveolar processes of the maxilla & mandible, pterygoid Hamulus & pterygomandibular raphe
to... angle of mouth
146
Buccinator function
compresses the cheek (when blowing)
147
Buccinator innervation
buccal branch of the facial n
148
Depressor anguli oris attachments
from... mandible
to... angle of mouth
149
Depressor anguli oris function
depresses angle of mouth laterally (frown, sadness)
150
Depressor anguli oris innervation
buccal & mandibular branch of the facial n.
151
Depressor labii inferioris attachments
from... oblique line of mandible
to... skin of lower lip
152
Depressor labii inferioris function
depresses lower lip (pouting, sadness)
153
Depressor labii inferioris innervation
mandibular branch of the facial nerve
154
Frontalis attachments
from... the superficial fascia of the eyebrows
to... the epicranial aponeurosis
155
Frontalis function
protracts the scalp or elevates eyebrows & nose (surprise or curiosity)
156
Frontalis innervation
temporal branch of the facial nerve
157
Levator labii superioris attachments
from... the inferior orbital margin
to... the lateral aspect of the upper lip
158
Levator labii superioris function
raises & everts upper lip (showing sadness)
159
Levator labii superioris innervation
buccal & zygomatic branches of the facial nerve
160
Nasalis attachments
from... the maxilla lateral & inferior to the nasal notch
to... the bridge & ala of the nose
161
Nasalis function
Transverse fibers compress & alar fibers widen the nasal aperture (flaring nostrils during anger or exertion)
162
Nasalis innervation
buccal branch of facial nerve
163
Orbicularis oculi attachments
from... orbital margin & medial palpebral ligament
to... superficial fascia of the eyelid
164
Orbicularis oculi function
a palpebral sphincter (closes eyes, winking)
165
Orbicularis oculi innervation
temporal & zygomatic branches of the facial nerve
166
Orbicularis oris attachments
from... angle of mouth
to... the superficial fascia of the upper lip
167
Orbicularis oris function
an oral sphincter (closes mouth, kissing)
168
Orbicularis oris innervation
buccal & mandibular branches of the facial nerve
169
Platysma attachments
from... the lower border of the mandible
to... the superficial fascia of the skin of the neck overlying the clavicle
170
Platysma function
wrinkles the anterior nuchal skin (conveying tension or stress)
171
Platysma innervation
cervical branch of the facial nerve
172
Zygomaticus major attachments
from... zygomatic bone
to... angle of mouth
173
Zygomaticus major function
raises angle of mouth (smiling, happiness)
174
Zygomaticus major innervation
buccal & zygomatic branches of the facial nerve
175
Inferior oblique attachments
from... the maxilla lateral to the nasolacrimal groove
to... the inferolateral posterior aspect of the sclera
176
Inferior oblique function
elevation, abduction and extorsion of the eye
177
Inferior oblique innervation
inferior ramus of the oculomotor nerve
178
Inferior rectus attachments
from... the common tendinous ring
to... the inferior aspect of the sclera
179
Inferior rectus function
depression, adduction & extorsion of the eye
180
Inferior rectus innervation
inferior ramus of the oculomotor nerve
181
Levator palpebrae superioris attachments
from... the inferior aspect of the lesser wing of the sphenoid
to... the tarsus and skin of the upper lid
182
Levator palpebrae superioris function
elevation of the upper lid
183
Levator palpebrae superioris innervation
Superior ramus of oculomotor nerve
184
Medial rectus attachments
from... the common tendinous ring
to... the medial aspect of the sclera
185
Medial rectus function
adduction of the eye
186
Medial rectus innervation
inferior ramus of the oculomotor nerve
187
Superior rectus attachments
from... the common tendinous ring
to... the superior aspect of the sclera
188
Superior rectus function
elevation, adduction & intorsion of the eye
189
Superior rectus innervation
superior ramus of the oculomotor nerve
190
Lateral rectus attachments
from... the common tendinous ring
to... the lateral aspect of the sclera
191
Lateral rectus function
abduction of the eye
192
Lateral rectus innervation
abducens nerve
193
Superior oblique attachments
from... the superomedial, posterior aspect of the orbit
to... the superolateral, posterior aspect of the sclera passing around the trochlea (superomedial, anterior aspect of the orbit)
194
Superior oblique function
depression, abduction, & intorsion of the eye
195
Superior oblique innervation
trochlear nerve
196
Masseter attachments
from... the zygomatic arch
to... angle of the mandible & lateral aspect of the ramus
197
Masseter function
elevation, protraction and retraction (deep fibers) of the mandible
198
Masseter innervation
mandibular nerve (V3)
199
Temporalis attachments
from... the temporal fossa
to... the coronoid process & anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
200
Temporalis function
elevation & retraction (posterior aspect of the muscle) fo the mandible
201
Temporalis innervation
Mandibular nerve (V3)
202
Lateral pterygoid attachments
from... the infratemporal surface of the sphenoid & lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
to... the neck of the mandible & the TMJ disk
203
Lateral pterygoid function
depresses mandible, protracts & acts with the ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce side-to-side movements during chewing
204
Lateral pterygoid innervation
Mandibular nerve
205
Medial pterygoid attachments
from... the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate & adjacent maxilla
to... the medial aspect of the angle of the mandible
206
Medial pterygoid function
elevation of the mandible & acts with the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid to rotate the mandible to produce the side-to-side movements during trituration of food
207
Medial pterygoid innervation
mandibular nerve (V3)
208
Digastric anterior belly attachments
From... the digastric fossa of the mandible
to... the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid)(inferior border of mandible near symphysis to intermediate tendon & body and cornu of hyoid)
209
Digastric anterior belly functions
depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
210
Digastric anterior belly innervation
Trigeminal V3
211
Digastric posterior belly attachments
from... the temporal mastoid notch
to... the intermediate tendon (greater cornu of hyoid)(mastoid process to intermediate tendon & body of cornu of hyoid)
212
Digastric posterior belly functions
depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid
213
Digastric posterior belly innervation
Facial VII
214
Geniohyoid attachments
from... the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible
to... the anterior aspect of the body of the hyoid (median ridge of mandible to body of hyoid)
215
Geniohyoid functions
elevation of tongue and hyoid or depresses mandible
216
Geniohyoid innervation
C1 via XII
217
Longus capitis attachments
from... anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
to... the basilar occipital bone
218
Longus capitis function
flexion of the head & neck (bilateral) ipsilateral rotation (unilateral)
219
Longus capitis innervation
ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C1-3)
220
Longus colli (L. neck) attachments
from... cervical vertebral bodies
to... cervical vertebral bodies & transverse processes
221
Longus colli (L. neck) functions
Flexion, lateral flexion of the neck and ipsilateral rotation
222
Longus colli (L.neck) innervation
ventral rami of cervical spinal n.. (C2-7)
223
Mylohyoid attachments
from... the mylohyoid line of the mandible
to... the midline raphe & anterior aspect of the body of the hyoid
224
Mylohyoid function
elevation of the floor of the oral cavity
225
Mylohyoid innervation
Trigeminal V3
226
Omohyoid attachments
from... the superior border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch
to... the lateral aspect of the hyoid passing through an intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with the clavicle & 1st rib
227
Omohyoid function
depression of the hyoid
228
Omohyoid innervation
Ansa cervicalis C1-3
229
Anterior scalene attachments
from... the anterior tubercles of middle cervical vertebrae
to... the scalene tubercle of the 1st rib
230
Anterior scalene function
elevation of the 1st rib (during forces inspiration) & lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of the neck
231
Anterior scalene innervation
lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n
232
Middle scalene attachments
from... the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
to...1st rib
233
Middle scalene function
elevation of 1st rib (during forces inspiration) & lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of the neck
234
Middle scalene innervation
lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n
235
Posterior scalene attachments
from... lower cervical transverse processes
to... the 2nd rib
236
Posterior scalene function
elevation of the rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the neck
237
Posterior scalene innervation
ventral rami of cervical spinal m. (C6-8)
238
Sternocleidomastoid attachments
from... the lateral aspect of the mastoid process & superior nuchal line
to... the manubrium & medial 1/3rd of the clavicle
239
Sternocleidomastoid functions
flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, and extension of the head & neck, & contralateral rotation of the head
240
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
accessory nerve & C1,2
241
Sternohyoid attachments
from... the posterior side of the proximal clavicle & adjacent manubrium
to... the inferior border of body of the hyoid
242
Sternohyoid function
depresses the hyoid
243
Sternohyoid innervation
Ansa cervicalis C1-3
244
Sternothyroid attachments
from... the posterior aspect of the manubrium & costal cartilage of 1st rib
to... the thyroid lamina
245
Sternothyroid function
depression of the elevated larynx
246
Sternothyroid innervation
Ansa cervicalis C1-3
247
Stylohyoid attachments
from... the styloid process of temporal bone
to... the body of hyoid bone
248
Stylohyoid function
elevation & retraction of the hyoid
249
Stylohyoid innervation
Facial VII
250
Thyrohyoid attachments
from... the thyroid lamina
to... the greater horn of the hyoid bone
251
Thyrohyoid function
depression of the hyoid or elevation of the thyroid cartilage
252
Thyrohyoid innervation
C1 via XII
253
Cricothyroid attachments
from... the cricoid cartilage
to... the thyroid cartilage
254
Cricothyroid function
tension and elongation of the vocal cords
255
Cricothyroid innervation
external laryngeal n. (CN X)
256
Splenius capitis attachments
from... the ligamentum nuchae and lower cervical & upper thoracic spinous processes
to... the lateral third of the superior nuchal line
257
Splenius capitis function
extension & lateral flexion & ispilateral rotation of the head
258
Splenius capitis innervation
dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerve
259
Longissimus capitis attachments
from... the upper thoracic transverse processes
to... the posterior margin of the mastoid process
260
Longissimus capitis function
extension & lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of the head
261
Longissimus capitis innervation
dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerve
262
Semispinalis capitis attachments
from... upper thoracic & cervical transverse processes
to... the occipital bone between the inferior & superior nuchal lines
263
Semispinalis capitis function
extension & contralateral rotation of the head
264
Semispinalis capitis innervation
dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerve
265
Rectus capitis posterior major attachments
from... spinous process C2
to... lateral aspect inferior nuchal line
266
Rectus capitis posterior major action/function
extension and ipsilateral rotation of the head
267
Rectus capitis posterior major innervation
suboccipital nerve
268
Rectus capitis posterior minor attachments
from... tubercle on posterior arch C1
to... medial aspect inferior nuchal line
269
Rectus capitis posterior minor action/function
extension of the head
270
Rectus capitis posterior minor innervation
suboccipital nerve
271
Obliquus capitis inferior (Inferior oblique) attachments
from... spinous process of C2
to... transverse process C1
272
Obliquus Capitus Inferior (Inferior oblique) action/function
ipsilateral rotation of the neck
273
Obliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique) innervation
suboccipital nerve
274
Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique) attachments
from... transverse process of C1
to... area between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital bones
275
Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique) action/function
extension and lateral flexion of the head
276
Obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique) innervation
suboccipital nerve
277
Iliacus attachments
from... iliac fossa, iliac crest, sacral ala & sacroiliac ligaments
to... lesser trochanter of femur
278
Iliacus actions
flexes and stabilizes the hip joint
279
Iliacus innervation
femoral nerve L2-3-4
280
Psoas major attachments
from... anterior transverse processes, vertebral bodies & discs (T12- L5)
to... the lesser trochanter of femur
281
Psoas major actions
flexes and stabilizes the hip joint
282
Psoas major innervation
ventral rami L1-4 (from lumbar plexus)
283
Rectus femoris attachments
from... anterior inferior iliac spine and groove superior to the acetabulum
to... the base of the patella
284
Rectus femoris actions
flexes hip
extends knee
285
Rectus femoris innervation
femoral nerve L2-3-4
286
Sartorius attachments
from... anterior superior iliac spine
to... the medial aspect of the proximal tibia
287
Sartorius actions
flexes hip
abducts hip
laterally rotates hip
flexes knee
assists in medial rotation of the knee
288
Sartorius innervation
femoral nerve L2-3
289
Tensor fasciae latae attachments
from... anterior superior iliac spine & external lip iliac crest
to... iliotibial tract
290
Tensor fasciae latae actions
Abducts hip
flexes hip
medially rotates hip
assists in maintaining knee extension
291
Tensor fasciae latae innervation
superior gluteal nerve L4-5-S1
292
Vastus intermedius attachments
from... the anterior aspect of the proximal 2/3rds of the femoral shaft
to... the lateral border of the patella
293
Vastus intermedius actions
Extends knee
294
Vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve L2-3-4
295
Vastus lateralis attachments
from... the intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera
to... the base & lateral border of the patella
296
Vastus lateralis actions
Extends knee
297
Vastus lateralis innervation
femoral nerve L2-3-4
298
Vastus medialis attachments
from... the intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera & medial supracondylar line
to... the base & medial border of the patella
299
Vastus medialis actions
Extends leg
300
Vastus medialis innervation
femoral nerve L2-3-4
301
Articularis genu attachments
from... the distal anterior shaft of femur
to... proximal portion of synovial membrane of knee joint
302
Articularis genu actions
pulls articular capsule proximally
303
Articularis genu innervation
femoral nerve (a branch of the nerve from the vastus intermedius) L2-3-4
304
Adductor brevis attachments
from... inferior pubic ramus
to... distal 2/3 pectineal line and medial lip linea aspera
305
Adductor brevis actions
Adducts hip
Flexes hip
306
Adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve L2-3-4
307
Adductor longus attachments
from... pubic crest
to... medial lip linea aspera
308
Adductor longus actions
Adducts hip
Medially rotates hip
Flexes hip
309
Adductor longus innervation
obturator nerve L2-3-4
310
Adductor magnus attachments
from... the inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus & tuberosity
to... gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (adductor part), medial supracondylar ridge & adductor tubercle of the femur (hamstring part)
311
Adductor magnus actions
Adducts hip
(adductor part) flexes hip
(hamstring part) extends hip
312
Adductor magnus innervation
adductor part (obturator n. L2-3-4), hamstring part (tibial division of the sciatic nerve L4-5-S1)
313
Gracilis attachments
from... the body of the pubis & inferior pubic ramus
to... the medial surface of tibia, distal to condyle, proximal to insertion of semitendinosus, lateral to insertion of sartorius
314
Gracilis actions
Flexes knee
Medially rotates knee
Adducts hip
315
Gracilis innervation
obturator nerve L2-3-4
316
Pectineus attachments
from... superior pubic ramus
to... the femur between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera (pectineal line)
317
Pectineus actions
Adducts hip
Flexes hip
318
Pectineus innervation
femoral nerve & obturator nerve L2-3-4
319
Obturator externus attachments
from... rami of the pubis and ischium; external surface obturator membrane
to... trochanteric fossa
320
Obturator externus actions
Laterally rotates the hip
321
Obturator externus innervation
obturator nerve L3-4
322
Superior gemellus attachments
From... external surface spine of ischium via obturator internus tendon
to... greater trochanter
323
Superior gemellus actions
Laterally rotates hip
324
Superior gemellus innervation
sacral plexus L5-S1-2
325
Inferior gemellus attachments
From... proximal ischial tuberosity via obturator internus tendon
to... greater trochanter
326
Inferior gemellus actions
Laterally rotates hip
327
Inferior gemellus innervation
sacral plexus L4-5-S1
328
Gluteus maximus attachments
from... the aponeurosis of the erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament & posterior gluteal line (innominate)
to... the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of the femur & the iliotibial tract
329
Gluteus maximus actions
Extends hip
Laterally rotates hip
330
Gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve L5-S1-2
331
Gluteus medius attachments
from... the external iliac surface
to... the oblique ridge on the lateral aspect of the greater trochanter; gluteal aponeurosis
332
Gluteus medius actions
Abducts hip
Medially rotates hip
Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
333
Gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal nerve L4-5-S1
334
Gluteus minimis attachments
from... the external iliac surface and margin of the greater sciatic notch
to... the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter
335
Gluteus minimis actions
Abducts hip
Medially rotates hip
Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
336
Gluteus minimis innervation
superior gluteal nerve L4-5-S1
337
Obturator internus attachments
from... the anterolateral wall of the pelvis & obturator membrane
to... the medial surface of the greater trochanter
338
Obturator internus actions
Laterally rotates hip
339
Obturator internus innervation
nerve to the obturator internus L5-S1-2
340
Piriformis attachments
from... the anterolateral sacrum & posterior inferior iliac spine
to... the upper border of the greater trochanter
341
Piriformis actions
Abducts hip
Laterally rotates hip
342
Piriformis innervation
nerve to piriformis S1-2
343
Quadratus femoris attachments
from... the ischial tuberosity
to... the quadrate tubercle of the femur
344
Quadratus femoris actions
Laterally rotates the hip
345
Quadratus femoris innervation
nerve to the quadratus femoris L4-5-S1
346
Biceps femoris attachments
from... the ischial tuberosity & sacrotuberous lig. (long head); lateral lip of linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line (short head)
to... the lateral side of fibular head
347
Biceps femoris actions
Flexes knee
Laterally rotates knee
(long head only) Extends hip
348
Biceps femoris innervation
tibial division of sciatic L5-S1-2-3 (long head) & fibular division of the sciatic nerve L5-S1-2 (short head)
349
Semimembranosus attachments
from... ischial tuberosity
to... posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle
350
Semimembranosus actions
Extends hip
Flexes knee
Medially rotates knee
351
Semimembranosus innervation
tibial division of the sciatic nerve L4-5-S1-2
352
Semitendinosus attachments
from... the ischial tuberosity
to... the proximal, medial tibia
353
Semitendinosus actions
Extends hip
Flexes knee
Medially rotates knee
354
Semitendinosus innervation
tibial division of the sciatic nerve L4-5-S1-2
355
Extensor digitorum longus attachments
from... the lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4th of the fibula and crural interosseous membrane
to... the dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5
356
Extensor digitorum longus actions
Dorsiflexes ankle
Extends digits 2-5 (IP & MP)
357
Extensor digitorum longus innervation
Deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
358
Extensor hallucis longus attachments
from... the middle 1/2 of the fibular surface & crural interosseous membrane
to... the distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe
359
Extensor hallucis longus actions
Dorsiflexes ankle
Extends great toe (MP & IP)
360
Extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
361
Fibularis tertius attachments
from... the distal fibula and crural interosseous membrane
to... the base of the 5th metatarsal
362
Fibularis tertius actions
Dorsiflexes ankle
Everts foot
363
Fibularis tertius innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
364
Tibialis anterior attachments
from... the lateral condyle and proximal 2/3rds of the tibia's lateral surface & crural interosseous membrane
to... the medial cuneiform & adjacent 1st metatarsal
365
Tibialis anterior actions
Dorsiflexes ankle
Inverts foot
366
Tibialis anterior innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
367
Fibularis longus attachments
from... the head & proximal 2/3rds of the fibula
to... the lateral aspects of the 1st metatarsal & adjacent medial cuneiform
368
Fibularis longus actions
Everts foot
Plantar flexes ankle
Depresses 1st metatarsal head
369
Fibularis longus innervation
superficial fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
370
Fibularis brevis attachments
from... the distal 2/3rds of the fibula
to... the lateral base of the 5th metatarsal
371
Fibularis brevis actions
Everts foot
Plantar flexes ankle
372
Fibularis brevis innervation
Superficial fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
373
Flexor digitorum longus attachments
from... the posterior tibia distal to the soleal line
to... the plantar surface of the distal phalangeal bases
374
Flexor digitorum longus actions
Plantar flexes ankle
Flexes digits 2-5 (MP & IP)
375
Flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial nerve (L5-S1-2)
376
Flexor hallucis longus attachments
from... the distal 2/3rds of the posterior fibular surface & crural interosseous membrane
to... the plantar aspect of the distal phalangeal base of the 1st toe
377
Flexor hallucis longus actions
Plantar flexes ankle
Flexes great toe (MP & IP)
378
Flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial nerve (L5-S1-2)
379
Gastrocnemius attachments
from... the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles and joint capsule
to... the posterior calcaneal surface
380
Gastrocnemius actions
Flexes knee
Plantar flexes ankle
381
Gastrocnemius innervation
tibial nerve (S1-2)
382
Plantaris attachments
from... the lateral supracondylar line
to... the posterior calcaneal surface
383
Plantaris actions
Flexes knee
Plantar flexes ankle
384
Plantaris innervation
tibial nerve (L4-5-S1)
385
Popliteus attachments
from... the lateral femoral condyle and oblique popliteal ligament
to... the soleal line of the tibia
386
Popliteus actions
Non-weight bearing: Medial rotation of tibia and knee flexion
Weight bearing: lateral rotation of femur and knee flexion (it unlocks the knee from extension into early flexion)
387
Popliteus actions
Non-weight bearing: Medial rotation of tibia and knee flexion
Weight bearing: lateral rotation of femur and knee flexion (it unlocks the knee from extension into early flexion)
388
Soleus attachments
from... the posterior aspect of the head & proximal 1/4th of the fibula & tibial soleal line
to... the posterior calcaneal surface
389
Soleus actions
Plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint
390
Soleus innervation
tibial nerve (L5-S1-2)
391
Tibialis posterior attachments
from... the crural interosseous membrane, lateral tibial surface & medial fibular surface
to... the navicular, medial & intermediate cuneiforms and bases of metatarsals 2-4
392
Tibialis posterior actions
Inverts foot
Plantar flexes ankle
393
Tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve (L4-5-S1)
394
Abductor digiti minimi attachments
from... calcaneal tuberosity
to... lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit
395
Abductor digiti minimi actions
Abducts 5th digit
Flexes 5th digit
396
Abductor digiti minimi (foot) innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
397
Abductor hallucis attachments
from... medial calcaneal tuberosity
to... medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe
398
Abductor hallucis actions
Flexes great toe
Abducts great toe
399
Abductor hallucis innervation
medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1)
400
Adductor hallucis attachments
from... 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head) & distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head)
to... lateral base of the proximal phalanx of great toe
401
Adductor hallucis actions
Adducts great toe
402
Adductor hallucis innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
403
Extensor digitorum brevis attachments
from... anterolateral calcaneus
to... dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx (digit 1 for EHB) or to the lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus (digits 2-4 EDB)
404
Extensor digitorum brevis actions
Extends digits 2-5 (MP & IP & EDB)
Extension of digit 1 (EHB)
405
Extensor digitorum brevis innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
406
Extensor hallucis brevis attachments
from... extensor digitorum brevis
to... dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the halux
407
Extensor hallucis brevis actions
extension of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
408
Extensor hallucis brevis innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4-5-S1)
409
Quadratus plantae attachments
from... medial surface of calcaneus & lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
to... long flexor tendons
410
Quadratus plantae actions
Assists flexor digitorum longus
411
Quadratus plantae innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
412
Flexor digitorum brevis attachments
from... medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
to... sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
413
Flexor digitorum brevis actions
Flexes toes (proximal IP)
414
Flexor digitorum brevis (foot) innervation
medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1)
415
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) attachments
from... 5th metatarsal base
to... proximal phalangeal base
416
Flexor digiti minimi brevis actions
Flexion of 5th digit (MP)
417
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
418
Flexor hallucis brevis attachments
from... cuboid & tendon of tibialis posterior
to... base of the proximal phalanx of great toe
419
Flexor hallucis brevis actions
Flexion of great toe (MP)
420
Flexor hallucis brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1)
421
Dorsal interossei attachments
from... metatarsal shafts
to... proximal phalangeal bases & dorsal digital expansions of digits 2-4
422
Dorsal interossei actions
Abducts (MP) digits 2-4
Flexes (MP) digits 2-4
423
Dorsal interossei innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
424
Plantar interossei attachments
from... plantar surface of base of metatarsals
to... dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5
425
Plantar interossei actions
Adducts (MP) digits 3-5
Flexes (MP) digits 3-5
426
Plantar interossei innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
427
Lumbricals attachments
from... tendons of flexor digitorum longus
to... medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5
428
Lumbricals actions
Flexes proximal phalanges (MP)
Extends IP joints
429
Lumbricals (foot) innervation
1st - medial plantar nerve (L4-5-S1)
2nd-4th - lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
