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Flashcards in Final Stidy Guide Deck (86)
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0
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent.

1
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Disease that causes dwarfism

2
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that makes it’s own food from inorganic ingredients.

3
Q

Activation energy

A

The amount of energy that reactants must of your before a chemical reaction will start.

4
Q

Active site

A

The part of an enzyme molecule where is substrate molecule attaches.

5
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient.

6
Q

Chromosome theory of inheritance

A

The principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes accounts for inheritance patterns.

7
Q

Cell cycle control system

A

Is Cilla glee operating set of proteins that triggers and coordinate events in the eukaryotic cell cycle

8
Q

Cell plate

A

A disk that forms across the middle of a dividing plant cell

9
Q

Centromere

A

The region of a chromosome were two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attached during meiosis and mitosis.

10
Q

Centrosome

A

Material in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell that gives rise to microtubules

11
Q

Chiasma

A

Microscopically visit both site were crossing over has occurred between chromatids.

12
Q

C3 plant

A

?

13
Q

C4 plants

A

A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporates CO2 in the four carbon compounds

14
Q

CAM plants

A

Plant that has carbon dioxide entering the open stomata during the night and releasing CO2 during the day

15
Q

Carbon fixation

A

?

16
Q

Chlorophyll

A

I light absorbing pigment in chloroplast that plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy

17
Q

Chlorophyll A

A

Green pigment and chloroplasts that participates directly in the light reaction

18
Q

Calorie

A

The amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C

19
Q

Chemical energy

A

Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules

20
Q

Concentration gradient

A

An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance within a given region

21
Q

Conservation of energy

A

The principle that energy can neither be created or destroyed

22
Q

Cell junction

A

A structure that connects animal cells to another in a tissue

23
Q

Cell theory

A

Theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.

24
Q

Central vacuole

A

Membrane enclosed sack occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell

25
Q

Cilia

A

Short appendage that propels some protests through the water and moves fluid.

26
Q

Crista

A

A fold in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

27
Q

Cytosol

A

A single ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA

28
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

A meeting of individuals differing at two genetic Loci

29
Q

Chiasma

A

Microscopically visible site were crossing over occurs

30
Q

Diploid

A

Containing two sets of chromosomes in each cell

31
Q

Diffusion

A

The spontaneous movement of particles down a concentration gradient

32
Q

Discovery science

A

Process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature

33
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

The full range of radiation from short wavelengths to very long wavelengths

34
Q

Entropy

A

A measure of disorder or randomness

35
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that serves as a biological catalyst

36
Q

Enzyme inhibitor

A

A chemical that interferes with an enzymes activity by changing the enzymes shape

37
Q

Exocytosis

A

The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm via vacuoles

38
Q

Electron microscope

A

Microscope that focuses an electron beam through or onto the surface of the specimen

39
Q

Endo membrane system

A

A network of organelles that partitions the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into functional compartment

40
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

I membranous not work in a eukaryotic cell continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome regions

41
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

A substance in which the cells of an animal tissue are embedded

42
Q

Genotype

A

Organisms genetic makeup

43
Q

Gamete

A

A haploid sex cell

44
Q

genetic recombination

A

Production of offspring with gene combinations that differ from either parent

45
Q

Facilitated diffusion in

A

The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down it’s concentration Gradient.

46
Q

Flagella

A

Along appendage that propels protest through water or fluid

47
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

And organelle in eukaryotic cells of stacks of membranous sacks

48
Q

Grana

A

A stack of holler distance formed in the chloroplast

49
Q

Heredity

A

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

50
Q

Hybrid

A

The offspring of parents of two different species or of two different varieties of one species

51
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

I genetic disease characterized by an excessively high level of blood cholesterol

52
Q

Haploid

A

Containing a single set of chromosomes

53
Q

Histone

A

A small protein molecule associated with DNA and important in DNA packing and a eukaryotic chromosome

54
Q

Homologous chromosome

A

The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell

55
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that cannot make its own organic food

56
Q

Hypothesis driven science

A

The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method

57
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

A type of inheritance in which the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes

58
Q

Induced fit

A

The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of an enzyme

59
Q

Isotonic

A

Having the same solution concentration as another solution

60
Q

Karyotype

A

A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell

61
Q

Law of independent assortment

A

General rule of inheritance that states when gametes are formed during meiosis each pair of alleles is selected independently

62
Q

Law of segregation

A

A general rule of inheritance that states that two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during meiosis

63
Q

Linkage map

A

Map of chromosomes showing the relative positions of genes

64
Q

Linked genes

A

Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they are usually inherited together

65
Q

Locus

A

The particular site where a gene is found in a chromosome

66
Q

Light microscope

A

I’m microscope that bends visible light to magnify images

67
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

A meeting of individuals differing out one genetic locus

68
Q

Metastasis

A

The spread of cancer cells be on their original state

69
Q

Mitotic spindle

A

Spindle-shaped structure formed of microtubules and associated proteins that moves chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

70
Q

Metabolism

A

The total of all the chemical reactions in an organism

71
Q

Matrix

A

Thick fluid contained within an inner membrane of the mitochondrian

72
Q

Nucleosome

A

A bead like unit of DNA packing in a eukaryotic cell

73
Q

Nondisjunction

A

An accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of chromosomes failed to separate and anaphase

74
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane that encloses the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell o

75
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons from a substrate involved in a redox reaction

76
Q

Osmo regulation

A

The control of the gain or loss of water in an organism

77
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

78
Q

Pleiotropy

A

The control of more than one phenotypic character by a single gene

79
Q

Apologetic inheritance

A

The additive effect of two or more genes in a single phenotypic characteristic

80
Q

Photon

A

I fixed quantity of light energy

81
Q

Primary electronic scepter

A

The molecule near action center of a photosystem traps the light-exited electron from the reaction center chlorophyll

82
Q

Passive transport

A

The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without any input of energy

83
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cellular eating; a type of endocytosis where the cell engulfs large molecules other cells are particles into its cytoplasm

84
Q

Phospholipids

A

A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

85
Q

Plasma membrane

A

The thin layer of lipids and proteins that sets a cell off from its surroundings