Asexual reproduction
The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent.
Achondroplasia
Disease that causes dwarfism
Autotroph
An organism that makes it’s own food from inorganic ingredients.
Activation energy
The amount of energy that reactants must of your before a chemical reaction will start.
Active site
The part of an enzyme molecule where is substrate molecule attaches.
Active transport
The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient.
Chromosome theory of inheritance
The principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes accounts for inheritance patterns.
Cell cycle control system
Is Cilla glee operating set of proteins that triggers and coordinate events in the eukaryotic cell cycle
Cell plate
A disk that forms across the middle of a dividing plant cell
Centromere
The region of a chromosome were two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attached during meiosis and mitosis.
Centrosome
Material in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell that gives rise to microtubules
Chiasma
Microscopically visit both site were crossing over has occurred between chromatids.
C3 plant
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C4 plants
A plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporates CO2 in the four carbon compounds
CAM plants
Plant that has carbon dioxide entering the open stomata during the night and releasing CO2 during the day
Carbon fixation
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Chlorophyll
I light absorbing pigment in chloroplast that plays a central role in converting solar energy to chemical energy
Chlorophyll A
Green pigment and chloroplasts that participates directly in the light reaction
Calorie
The amount of energy that raises the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C
Chemical energy
Energy stored in the chemical bonds of molecules
Concentration gradient
An increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance within a given region
Conservation of energy
The principle that energy can neither be created or destroyed
Cell junction
A structure that connects animal cells to another in a tissue
Cell theory
Theory that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells.
Central vacuole
Membrane enclosed sack occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell
Cilia
Short appendage that propels some protests through the water and moves fluid.
Crista
A fold in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
Cytosol
A single ring nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA
Dihybrid cross
A meeting of individuals differing at two genetic Loci
Chiasma
Microscopically visible site were crossing over occurs
Diploid
Containing two sets of chromosomes in each cell
Diffusion
The spontaneous movement of particles down a concentration gradient
Discovery science
Process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature
Electromagnetic spectrum
The full range of radiation from short wavelengths to very long wavelengths
Entropy
A measure of disorder or randomness
Enzyme
A protein that serves as a biological catalyst
Enzyme inhibitor
A chemical that interferes with an enzymes activity by changing the enzymes shape
Exocytosis
The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm via vacuoles
Electron microscope
Microscope that focuses an electron beam through or onto the surface of the specimen
Endo membrane system
A network of organelles that partitions the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into functional compartment
Endoplasmic reticulum
I membranous not work in a eukaryotic cell continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome regions
Extracellular matrix
A substance in which the cells of an animal tissue are embedded
Genotype
Organisms genetic makeup
Gamete
A haploid sex cell
genetic recombination
Production of offspring with gene combinations that differ from either parent
Facilitated diffusion in
The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down it’s concentration Gradient.
Flagella
Along appendage that propels protest through water or fluid
Golgi apparatus
And organelle in eukaryotic cells of stacks of membranous sacks
Grana
A stack of holler distance formed in the chloroplast
Heredity
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Hybrid
The offspring of parents of two different species or of two different varieties of one species
Hypercholesterolemia
I genetic disease characterized by an excessively high level of blood cholesterol
Haploid
Containing a single set of chromosomes
Histone
A small protein molecule associated with DNA and important in DNA packing and a eukaryotic chromosome
Homologous chromosome
The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell
Heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own organic food
Hypothesis driven science
The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method
Incomplete dominance
A type of inheritance in which the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes
Induced fit
The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of an enzyme
Isotonic
Having the same solution concentration as another solution
Karyotype
A display of micrographs of the metaphase chromosomes of a cell
Law of independent assortment
General rule of inheritance that states when gametes are formed during meiosis each pair of alleles is selected independently
Law of segregation
A general rule of inheritance that states that two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during meiosis
Linkage map
Map of chromosomes showing the relative positions of genes
Linked genes
Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they are usually inherited together
Locus
The particular site where a gene is found in a chromosome
Light microscope
I’m microscope that bends visible light to magnify images
Monohybrid cross
A meeting of individuals differing out one genetic locus
Metastasis
The spread of cancer cells be on their original state
Mitotic spindle
Spindle-shaped structure formed of microtubules and associated proteins that moves chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis
Metabolism
The total of all the chemical reactions in an organism
Matrix
Thick fluid contained within an inner membrane of the mitochondrian
Nucleosome
A bead like unit of DNA packing in a eukaryotic cell
Nondisjunction
An accident of meiosis or mitosis in which a pair of chromosomes failed to separate and anaphase
Nuclear envelope
A double membrane that encloses the nucleus and separates it from the rest of the cell o
Oxidation
Loss of electrons from a substrate involved in a redox reaction
Osmo regulation
The control of the gain or loss of water in an organism
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Pleiotropy
The control of more than one phenotypic character by a single gene
Apologetic inheritance
The additive effect of two or more genes in a single phenotypic characteristic
Photon
I fixed quantity of light energy
Primary electronic scepter
The molecule near action center of a photosystem traps the light-exited electron from the reaction center chlorophyll
Passive transport
The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane without any input of energy
Phagocytosis
Cellular eating; a type of endocytosis where the cell engulfs large molecules other cells are particles into its cytoplasm
Phospholipids
A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Plasma membrane
The thin layer of lipids and proteins that sets a cell off from its surroundings