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Chemistry > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Who is known as the “father of chemistry”?

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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2
Q

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes is known as

A

Chemistry

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3
Q

Which mandate calls us to have wise dominion over the earth?

A

Creation mandate

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4
Q

What is an idea or hypothesis that has been consistently tested and proven?

A

Theory

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5
Q

Which type of reasoning goes from a general statement to specific conclusions?

A

Deductive reasoning

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6
Q

The lense which we view the world is known as

A

Worldview

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7
Q

Anything that has mass and takes up space is referred to as:

A

Matter

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8
Q

Which type of data uses numerical data and analyses?

A

Quantitive data

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9
Q

Which type of science probes nature simply to learn new things?

A

Pure science

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10
Q

Which theory states that hypothesis should be as simple as possible?

A

Ockham’s razor

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11
Q

Which property of a material are determined by how it’s particles relate to one another?

A

Physical property

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12
Q

What are the basic particles that make up elements?

A

Atoms

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13
Q

The ability of matter to transfer heat is known as?

A

Conductivity

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14
Q

The ability to do work is called?

A

Energy

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15
Q

Which law of thermodynamics states “all natural processes tend toward the highest entropy and minimum usable energy”?

A

The 2nd law of thermodynamics

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16
Q

Distinct groups of atoms bonded together are called?

A

Molecules

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17
Q

Which type of mixture only shows a single phase?

A

Homogenous

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18
Q

What is the kinetic energy of atom-sized particles as they move in random directions?

A

Thermal energy

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19
Q

The amount of matter packed into a given volume is?

A

Density

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20
Q

What is the unit of measurement for energy?

A

Joules

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21
Q

The S.I.’s base unit for measurement is the?

A

Meter

22
Q

What is the numerical evaluation of how close the measured value is to the actual or accepted value of the dimension measured?

A

Accuracy

23
Q

The two parts of a measurement are the number and the?

A

Unit

24
Q

What is the base unit for mass?

A

Kilogram

25
Q

How many base units are there in the metric system?

A

7

26
Q

Digits that are known for certain plus one estimated digit are known as?

A

Significant digits

27
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atom’s?

A

Atomic number

28
Q

What principle states that we cannot know both the energy and the location of an electron at the same time?

A

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

29
Q

Who was the first to develop an atomic model based on experimental evidence?

A

John dalton

30
Q

Who suggested that electrons were only in certain energy levels, which he called principle energy levels, outside the nucleus?

A

Niels Bohr

31
Q

Who is the modern periodic credited to?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

32
Q

Which type of elements have characteristics that lie somewhere between metals and non metals?

A

Metalloids

33
Q

Which elements also forms its own group?

A

Hydrogen

34
Q

The measure of the attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons is?

A

Electronegativity

35
Q

Elements that combine with sulfur are called?

A

Sulfides

36
Q

Atoms naturally link with other atoms to form?

A

Chemical bonds

37
Q

Which bonds are formed by sharing electrons?

A

Covalent bonds

38
Q

Atoms that bond using delocalized electrons form?

A

Metallic bonds

39
Q

What is the tendency of an object to form 2 localized regions of opposite character?

A

Polarity

40
Q

A single line in a Lewis structure represents what?

A

A pair of electrons

41
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms try to have 8 valence electrons to be stable

42
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An ionic bond is electrons that are stolen which gives the atoms change and they attach to each other because one is positive and the other is negative

43
Q

List 2 elements that are diatomic

A

Oxygen and sulfur

44
Q

What theory states that when the 2 bonding orbitals are superimposed, the overlapping space containing both electrons becomes available to both nuclei, and both atoms acquire another valence electron that fills the vacancy in that particular orbital?

A

Valence bond theory

45
Q

This theory suggests that the orbitals of a molecule’s atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms:

A

Molecular orbital theory

46
Q

Which theory focuses on the locations of highest electron density surrounding the central atom in a molecule, and those areas of negative electrical charge repel each other until they are as far apart as is geometrically possible?

A

Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory

47
Q

What is orbital hybridization?

A

When orbitals of different energies combine together to form new orbitals

48
Q

Which shape is a Y-shaped arrangement with all 4 atoms lying on a single plane?

A

Trigonal planar

49
Q

In a Lewis diagram, the arrow with a plus sign points towards what?

A

The atom with the lower Electronegativity

50
Q

What are the different groups in a periodic table?

A

Noble gases, inner-transition metals, halogens, alkali metals, and alkaline-earth metals

Chemistry (5 decks)

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