First Aid - Immunology rando stuff Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
LND: cervical
A
head and neck
2
Q
LND: hilar
A
lung
3
Q
LND: mediastinal
A
trachea and esophagus
4
Q
LND: axillary
A
upper limb, breast skin above umbilicus
5
Q
LND: celiac
A
liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, upper duodenum
6
Q
LND: S. mesenteric
A
lower duodenum, jejunum, illeum, colon to splenic flexure
7
Q
LND: I. mesenteric
A
colon from splenic flexure to upper rectum
8
Q
LND: internal iliac
A
lower rectum to anal canal above pectinate line, bladder, vaginal (middle third), prostate
9
Q
LND: para-aortic
A
testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus
10
Q
LND: superficial inguinal
A
anal canal (below pectinate line, skin below umbilicus (except popliteal territory)
11
Q
LND: popliteal
A
dorsolateral foot, posterior calf
12
Q
LND: right lymphatic duct
A
right side above diaphragm
13
Q
LND: thoracic duct
A
everything else and goes into left subclavian and internal jugular
14
Q
encapsulated bacteria
A
S. pneumo, H. flu B, N. men, E. coli, Salmonella, Kleb., GBS
15
Q
what pharyngeal pouch does thymus come from?
A
3rd
16
Q
where in the spleen are T cells
A
periarterial lymphatic sheath within white pulp
17
Q
where in the spleen are B cells?
A
follicles in the white pulp
18
Q
what is the marginal zone?
A
area between red and white pulp comtaining APCs and specialized B cells. APCs present blood borne antigens.
19
Q
What features do you see post-splenectomy?
A
howell jolly bodies, target cells, thrombocytosis
20
Q
function of MHC I versus MHC II
A
MHC I - endogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells
MHC II - exogenous proteins to T helper cells
21
Q
antigen loading in MHC I versus MHC II
A
MHC I - RER after delivery via TAP
MHC II - release of invariant chain into acidified endosome
22
Q
HLA A3
A
hemochromatosis
23
Q
HLA B27
A
Psoriatic arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD, Readtive arthritis
24
Q
HLA DQ2/DQ8
A
Celiac
25
HLA DR2
MS, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture
26
HLA DR3
DM type I, SLE, Graves
27
HLA DR4
Rheumatoid arthritis, DM type I
28
HLA DR5
Pernicious anemia --> vit. B12 deficiency, Hashimoto thyroiditis
29
what enhances NK cell activity?
IL 2, IL 12, IFNb, IFNa
30
what induces NK killing
nonspecific activation signal and/or lack of MHC I
31
How do NK cells kill?
Ab-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity: CD 16 binds Fc of bound Ig --> activating NK cells
32
Th cells release ___ to activate TH1
IL12
33
Th cells release ___ to activate TH2
IL4
34
Th cells release ___ to activate TH17
TGFb and IL6
35
Th cells release ___ to activate Threg
TGFb
36
what are the two signals in T cell activation?
1. antigen on MHC II recognized by TCR on Th or MHC I to Tc
| 2. B7 and CD28
37
What are the two signals in B cell activation?
1. antigen on MHC II recognized by TCR on Th
| 2. CD40 on B cells binding to CD40L on Th to release cytokines for class switching
38
what do Th1 cells secrete?
IFNg to activate macrophages and CTLs
39
What are Th1 cells inhibited by?
IL4 and IL10
40
What do Th2 cells secrete?
IL4, IL5, IL6, IL13 to recruit eosinophils for parasite defense and promotes IgE production by B cells
41
What are Th2 cells inhibited by
IFNg
42
macrophage- lymphocyte interaction
macrophage=> IL12 --> stimulates T cells --> Th1=> IFNg --> stimulates macrophages
43
t reg function
suppress CD4 and CD8 t cell effector function
44
cell surface markers on t regs
CD3, CD4, CD25, FOXP3
45
Activated t regs produce what?
IL10 and TGFb
46
upregulated acute phase reactants in inflammation
serum amyloid A, CRP, ferritin, fibrinogen, hepcidin
47
downregulated acute phase reactants in inflammation
albumin, transferrin
48
What cytokines induce acute phase reactants?
IL6, IL1, TNFa, IFNg
49
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
hereditary angioedema. ACE inhibitors are contraindicated
50
C3 deficiency
increased risk of severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections: increased susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity reactions
51
C5-9 deficiencies
Neisseria bacteria
52
DAF (GPI anchored enzyme) deficiency
complement mediated lysis of RBCs and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
53
what cytokines are secreted by macrophages?
IL1, IL6, IL8, IL12, TNFa
54
What cytokines are secreted by all t cells?
IL2, IL3
55
What cytokines are secreted by Th1
IFNg
56
What cytokines are secreted by Th2
IL4, IL5, IL10
57
IL1
fever, activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules, induces chemokin secretion to recruit leukocytes
58
IL2
growth of Th, Tc, Tregs
59
IL3
stimulates bone morrow stem cells, GM-CSF like
60
IL 4
induces Th2 differentiations, growth of B cells, class switching to IgE and IgG
61
IL5
B cell differentiation, class swtiching to IgA, growth and differentiation of eosinophils
62
IL6
fever and acute phase proteins
63
IL8
chemotactice factor for neutrophils
64
il 10
modulates inflammatory response. Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1, secreted by T reg and Th2
65
IL12
differentiation of T cells into Th1, activates BK cells, secreted by B and macrophages
66
TNFa
septic shock mediator, activates endothelium. Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leaks
67
IFNg
antiviral, antitumor. Activates NK cells to kill virus infected cells. Increases MHC expression and antigen presentation in cells
68
cell surface proteins on t cells
TCR, CD3, CD28 (CD4 and CD40L on Th; CD8 on Tc)
69
cell surface proteins on B cells
Ig, CD 19, CD20, CD21, CD40, MHC II, B7
70
cell surface proteins on macrophages
CD14, C40, MHC II, B7, Fc and C3b receptors
71
cell surface proteins on NK cells
CD16, CD56
72
superantigens
s. pyogenes, s. aureus
| cross link beta region on the TCR --> massive release of cytokines
73
endotoxin/LPS
stimulate macrophages by binding C14
74
antigenic variation examples
bacteria: salmonella (2 flagella), borrelia, n. gonorrhea (pilus)
virus - influenza
parasites: trypansomes (programmed reearrangement
75
anaphylaxis
type I
76
allergic and atopic disorder
type I
77
AI hemolytic anemia
type II
78
pernicious aneia
type II
79
ITP
type II
80
erythroblastosis fetalis
type II
81
acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
type II
82
rheumatic fever
type II
83
goodpasture syndrome
type II
84
bullous pemphigoid
type II
85
pemphigus vulgaris
type II
86
SLE
type III
87
polyarteritis nodosa
type III
88
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
type III
89
serum sickness
type III
90
arthus reaction
type III
91
multiple sclerosis
type IV
92
guillain barre
type IV
93
graft versus host disease
type IV
94
ppd
type IV
95
contact dermatitis (poison ivy, nickel)
type IV
96
anti-Ach receptor
myasthenia gravis
97
anti-BM
goodpasture
98
anti-cardiolipin
SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
99
lupus anticoagulant
SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
100
anticentromere
limited scleroderma (CREST)
101
anti-desmoglein
pemphigus vulgaris
102
anti-dsDNA
SLE
103
anti-Smith
SLE
104
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase
DM type I
105
Anti-hemidesmosome
bullous pemphigoid
106
antihistone
drug induced lupus
107
anti jo-1
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
108
anti-SRP
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
109
anti-Mi2
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
110
antimicrosomal
hashimoto's thyroiditis
111
antithyroglobulin
hashimoto's thyroiditis
112
antimitochondrial
primary biliary cirrhosis
113
antinuclear antibodies
SLE, nonspecific
114
anti-Scl 70
diffuse scleroderma
115
anti-DNA topoisomerase I
diffuse scleroderma
116
anti-smooth muscle
autoimmune hepatitis
117
anti-ssa
sjogren's
118
anti-ssb
sjogren's
119
anti-Ro
sjogren's
120
anti-La
sjogren's
121
anti-TSH receptor
Graves
122
Anti-U1 RNP
mixed connective tissue disease
123
c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
124
IgA antiendomysial
Celiac
125
IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase
celiac
126
p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA)
microscopic polyangitis, Churg-strauss
127
RF (IgM to IgG Fc region)
RA
128
anti-CCP
RA
129
alemtuzumab
CD52; CLL
130
Bevacizumab
VEGF; renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer
131
cetuximab
EGFR; stage IV colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer
132
rituximab
CD20; B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis (with MTX), ITP
133
Trastuzumab
HER2/neu; breast cancer gastric cancer
134
Infliximab
TNFa; IBD, RA, AS, psoriasis
135
adalimumab
TNFa; IBD, RA, AS, psoriasis
136
Natalizumab
a4 integrin; MS, CD
137
Abciximab
Gp Iib/IIIa; antiplatelet for ischemic complications for percutaneous coronary intervention
138
denosumab
RANKL; osteoporosis
139
digoxin immune Fab
digoxin; antidote for toxicity
140
omalizumab
IgE; allergic asthma, preent IgE binding FceRI
141
Palivizumab
RSV F protein; RSV prophylaxis for high-risk infants
