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Microbio final > first colloq > Flashcards

first colloq Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Microbiology is divided into:

A

Bacteriology
Parasitology (protozoa, metazoan)
Mycology
Virology

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2
Q

Classification:

A

dividing the organisms into taxa on tha Basis of certain characteristics

is part of systematics

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3
Q

Systematics:

A

grouping of the organisms on the Basis of certain characteristics

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4
Q

Five kingdoms

A 
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista (protozoa)
Monera (prokaryotes)
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5
Q

3 domains

A

Archaea (pro)
Bacteria (pro)
Eukarya

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6
Q

Taxonomy of bacteria

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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7
Q

Strain vs Clone

A

Strain: genetic variant or subtype of certein microorganism

Clone: genetic copy of a cell procuded asexually

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8
Q

Classification of viruses

A

DNA

  • double stranded (enveloped and unenveloped)
  • single stranded (unenveloped)

RNA

  • +RNA (unenveloped and unenveloped)
  • -RNA (enveloped)
  • +/- RNA (double capsid)
  • RNA via DNA (enveloped)
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9
Q

Classification of fungi

A
  • zygomycotica (produce zygotes)
  • dikaryomykotica (Extended dikaryotic Phase
  • -> Basidiomycotina: in sac called basidium –> basidiospores
  • -> Ascomycotina: in sac calles Ascus –> ascospores
  • Deuteromycotina (fungi imperfecti)
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10
Q

Classification of protozoa

A

mama Papa, paula erreicht aber sonst clowns

  • Metamonada (flagella)
  • Parabasala (flagella)
  • Percolozoa (flagella)
  • Euglenozoa (flagella)
  • Amoebozoa (move like amebea)
  • Sporozoa (non-motila)
  • Ciliopphora (have cilia)
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11
Q

Morphology of cocci

A 
2 --> diplococci
more in a row --> streptococci
4 --> tetrad
8 --> sarcinae
a lot in one place --> staphylococci
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12
Q

Classification of rods

A

according to :

  • length (Long, short, very short(coccobacilli))
  • Ends (rounded, sharp, rectangle, ovoid, club)
  • Diameter (thin, thick)
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13
Q

Morphology of spiral bacteria

A

vibrio
Spirillum
spirochete

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14
Q

Spirochetes pathogenic for humans

A

Treponemes
Borrelliae
Letropires

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15
Q

Classification of viruses

A

rod shaped
complex shaped
filamentous

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16
Q

Classification of fungi

A

Yeast
pseudohyphae
Hyphae

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17
Q

Eukaryote vs Prokaryotes

A

–> look at picture

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18
Q

Bacerial cell sheath (von innen nach außen)

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A

Cytoplasmic membrane
Cell wall
Capsule (slime layer)

19
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane composition and its functions (5)

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A

Lipid bilayer with proteins

  • Transport of metabolites
  • Synthesis of cell wall components
  • secretion
  • sensory
  • electron transport
20
Q

Cell wall functions (3)

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A
  • shape
  • protection from water
  • diffusion
21
Q

Cell walls of gram + and gram - bacteria

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A

GRAM +
- peptidoglycans with (teichoic Acid, proteins, lipoteichoic Acid)

GRAM -

  • lipopolysaccharide (o polys., core polys, Lipid A)
  • peptidoglycans with proteins
22
Q

Capsule and its functions (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

slime layer composed of water and polsaccharide

  • inhibits phagocytosis
  • adhesion
  • water storage
23
Q

Bacterial flagella

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A

Filament of Twisted fibrils

  • composed of basal Body, hook, Filament
  • in gram +: basal Body goes throiugh cytoplamsic membrane
  • in gram -: basal Body goes through cytoplasmic mebrane and cell wall
24
Q

Classification of Bacteria according to flagella

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A
  • Monotrichous (fastest)
  • Amphitrichous
  • peritrichous
  • Lophotrichous
25
Bacterial pili
- hair like - composed of pilins two Kinds: - fimbriae: for adhesion, Shorter - F-pili: longer, for Transfer of genes
26
Cell wall structure of mycobacteriae
- mycolic Acid - arabinogalactan - peptidogylcan - lipoarabinomannan goes through it vertically
27
Life cycle of rikketsiae
- attach to host cell and are andocytosed - degrade endosome membrane by phospholipase spotted Fever Groups: multiply in nucleus and cytoplasm, are able to produce actin and are released through Long cytoplasmic processes typhus Group: multiply only in cytoplasm, are released through cell death
28
Life cycle of chlamydiae
- infectious EB attach to microvilli - take 6-8h to become reticulate bodies - RB replicate by binary fission - RBs take 18-24h to become EB - EBs are released
29
Properties of mycoplasmas
- smalles free Living Bacteria (coccoid or rods) - dont have a cell wall --> resistance to Penicillin - cytoplasmic membrane with sterols - grow on artificial surfaces
30
Bacterial spores
- dehydrated, Multi shelled strucutre - dormant stage where Bacteria can survive extreme conditions - has copy of chromosome - low conc. of proteins and ribosomes - high conc. of Calcium Bound to dipicolinic Acid - some are gram + but never gram -
31
Layers of spores
- Exosporium - Protein coat - Outer membrane - Cortex - Spore wall - inner membrane - Core
32
Bacterial sporogenesis
- spore mRNA is transcribed, other mRNA turned off - Dipicolinic Acid is produced - duplication of chromosome - Septum is formed - two membranes are formed (cytoplasmic and Septum) - two membranes surrounded by Cortex - Cortex is surrounded by protein coat
33
Germination of bacterial spores
- disruption of outer cieat by mechanical stress, pH, heat.. - requires water and triggering nutrient - takes 90 min
34
koch's Postulates of infectious disease
1- Microorganism is present in Organs suffering from disease 2- Microorgabism must be isolated and grown in pure culture 3- Microorganism should cause disease in healthy organism
35
Differential stains examples
- Gram stain. + is Crystal violet and - is saffranin - Schaeffer-Fulton: spore stain - Ziel-neelsen fast stain: red --> carolfuchsin, blue --> methylene blue - wirtz: endospores --> Malachite green, vegetative cells --> safranin
36
Parts of microscope
- blue filter; filters out Long wavelengths - condenser: converges light beams - Iris diaphragm: controls amount of light - Objective lens: magnifies - Ocular lens: magnifies
37
Acid-fast baceria
- cell wall is thick becuase 60% are made of Lipids - carbolfuchsin binds to cytoplasm - grow slowly because Lipids hinder nutrients to enter cell - non-motile, non-spore forming, Aerobic, rods
38
Luis Pasteur
- came up with pasteurization - came up with support for germ Theory - vaccination for antrhax and rabies
39
Robert Koch
- idintified causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, Anthrax - founder of modern bacteriology - delevoped staining of bacteria
40
Dark field microscopy
- condenser after light source --> only scattered light hits the specimen - over specimen there is objective lens collecting rays - used to observe light Bacteria Motion
41
Electron microscope
- light source and beam of accelerated electron | - wavelength of electron is 100,000x Shorter than Photon --> higher resolution
42
Stereoscopic microscope
- uses light reflected from Surface (non transmitted through) - 2 optical paths with 2 objectives and eyepieces
43
Phase contrast microscope
- 2 components: annular ring in condenser and Phase ring in objective - light passes through specimen --> Phase shift --> refraction - refracted light hits Phase ring --> Region will be dark - good for examination of internal details
44
Actinomyces
- facultative anaerobic, gram + - not Acid fast --> stain blue in Ziehl neelsen - grow slow - produce chronic, slow infections - rod shaped but together form hyphae

Microbio final (6 decks)

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