FIS - Module 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
Why Learn About Information Systems?
A
- used in almost every profession
-
Entrepreneurs & small business— reach customers -
Sales Rep.— advertise products -
Managers— make multimillion-dollar decision -
Financial Managers— advise clients to help them save -
Business— perform accounting & financial operations - first job, earn promotion, & advance your career
2
Q
- A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.
- It is the
feedback mechanismthat helps organizations achieve their goals, such as increasing profits or improving customer service.
A
Information System (IS)
3
Q
4 Everyday IS interaction
A
- Using Automated Teller Machine (ATM).
- Accessing information over the Internet.
- Selecting information from kiosks with touch screens.
- Scanning bar codes on purchases at self-lane check outs.
4
Q
consists of raw facts, such as an employee number, total hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders.
A
DATA
5
Q
4 Representation of Data
A
- Alphanumeric data - Numbers, letters and other characters.
- Image data - Graphic images and pictures.
- Audio data - Sound, noise or tones.
- Video data - Moving images or pictures.
6
Q
- Defining and organizing relationships among data creates information.
- A collection of
facts organizedin such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the individual facts. - The process of
defining relationships among datato create useful information requires knowledge. - Turning data into information is a process – a
set of logically related tasksperformed to achieve a defined outcome.
A
INFORMATION
7
Q
- Having it means
understanding relationships in information. - A set of information and ways that information can be made
usefulto support a specific task or reach a decision.
A
KNOWLEDGE
8
Q
a data made more useful through the application of knowledge.
A
Information
9
Q
These are the people who create, use, and disseminate knowledge, and are usually professionals in science, engineering, business, and other areas.
A
Knowledge Workers (KWs)
10
Q
An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to create, store, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience.
A
Knowledge Management System (KMS)
11
Q
What are the Characteristics of a VALUABLE Information?
A
- Accessible
- Accurate
- Complete
- Economical
- Flexible
- Relevant
- Reliable
- Secure
- Simple
- Timely
- Verifiable
12
Q
obtain info in the right format at the right time
A
Accessible
13
Q
error free info (GIGO - unaccurate data)
A
Accurate
14
Q
contains all important facts
A
Complete
15
Q
balance the value of the info with the cost producing it
A
Economical
16
Q
can be used for a variety of purposes
A
flexible
17
Q
important to the decision maker
A
Relevant
18
Q
can be trusted by users (w/ trusted source)
A
Reliable
19
Q
free from unauthorized users
A
Secure
20
Q
not overly complex
A
simple
21
Q
delivered when its needed
A
timely
22
Q
can check it to make sure its correct
A
verifiable
23
Q
- The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers
achievetheir organization’sgoals. -
Valuable information can help people and their organizations perform tasks more
efficientlyandeffectively.
A
value of information
24
Q
Efficiency vs Effectiveness
A
Efficiency
* compare systems
* doing things right
* save resources
Effectiveness
* measure of the extent
* computed by dividing goals
* doing the right thing
* DON'T save resources
25
* the activity of `gathering and capturing raw data`.
* In `producing paychecks`, for example, the number of hours every employee works must be collected before paychecks can be calculated or printed.
* In a `university grading system`, instructors must submit student grades before a summary of grades for the semester or quarter can be compiled and sent to students.
**INPUT**
26
* In information systems, it means `converting or transforming data into useful outputs`.
* can involve making `calculations`, comparing data and taking alternative actions, and storing data making data into useful information
* s `critical in business settings`.
**PROCESSING**
27
* Iproducing useful information, usually in the form of `documents and reports`.
* include `paychecks` for employees, `report`s for managers, and information supplied to stockholders, banks, government agencies, and other groups.
* In some cases, output from one system can become input for another. For example, output from a system that processes sales orders can be used as input to a customer billing system.
**OUTPUT**
28
* information from the system that is used to `make changes to input or processing activities`.
* For example, errors or problems might make it necessary `to correct` input data or `change a process`.
* Feedback is also important for `managers and decision`
**FEEDBACK**
29
A single `set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures` that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.
**Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)**
30
**CBIS COMPONENTS**
1. Hardware
1. Software
1. Databases
1. Telecommunications
1. People
1. Procedures
31
* Consists of `computer equipment` used to perform input, processing, and output activities.
* The trend in the computer industry is to produce smaller, faster, and more mobile hardware.
* Input devices include keyboards, mice and other pointing devices, automatic scanning devices, and equipment that can read magnetic ink characters.
**Hardware**
32
* Consists of the computer programs that `govern the operation of the computer`.
* With software, people can work anytime at any place.
* These programs allow a computer to process payroll, send bills to customers, and provide managers with information to increase profits, reduce costs, and provide better customer service.
**Software**
33
**Two (2) Types of Software**
* **System Software**: controls the `basic computer operations` including start-up and printing.
e.g. Microsoft Windows Vista
* **Application Software**: allows you to `accomplish specific tasks` including word processing or creating spreadsheets.
e.g. Microsoft Office 2007
34
* A database is an organized `collection of facts and information`, typically consisting of two or more related data files.
* Most managers and executives consider a database to be `one of the most valuable` parts of a computer-based information system.
* An organization’s database can contain `facts and information` on customers, employees, inventory, competitors’ sales and online purchases.
**Databases**
35
is the `electronic transmission of signals` for communications, which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.
**Telecommunications**
36
* People can be the `most important element` in most computer-based information systems.
* They make the difference between `success` and `failure` for most organizations.
* Information systems `personnel` include all the people who manage, run, program, and maintain the system.
**People**
37
* include the `strategies, policies, methods, and rules` for using the CBIS, including the operation, maintenance, and security of the computer.
* **Good procedures** can help companies take advantage of new opportunities and avoid potential disasters.
* **Poorly developed and inadequately implemented procedures**, however, can cause people to waste their time on useless rules or result in inadequate responses to disasters.
**Procedures**
38
* are used in all functional areas and operating divisions of business.
**Information systems**
39
**Information Systems in Business**
* **Finance and accounting** --- forecase revenues and business activity, perform audits
* **Sales and marketing** --- develop new goods and services
40
**Information Systems in Industry**
* **Airline industry** --- develps internet auction sites to offer discount fares and increase revenue
* **Investment firms** --- analyze stocks, bonds, options, the future market, and other financial instruments
* **Banks** --- make sound loans and good investments as well as to provide online check payment for account holders
