Fish hygiene Flashcards
found here: https://quizlet.com/einavstern (38 cards)
1.) Notifiable diseases
Infectious salmon anemia (I), viral hemorrhagic septicaemia (II), infectious hemopoietic necrosis (II), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (III), spring viremia,
Bacteria- bacterial kidney disease
parasites: gyrodactylus salaris (III)
2.) Algaw bloom
depend on: sunshine, temp., trophity. daytime: o2 overproduktion and toxin prod.. nighttime: o2 depletion, toxin and CO2 prod. death of algae mass- H2S intoxication
3.) NH3
0,2-0,5 mg/l Toxic, toxicosis, NH3-NH4 ratio is pH dependent . H2S: 0,5-4 mg/l toxic, prod by death of algae mass
4.) spring viremia differential diagnosis
Rhabdovirus, “droopsy”, notifiable disease (III) Infect larp, high temp. from 15 ° CSigns: general edema. bleedings
Diagn.
culture. IF, ELISA, PCR. Differentiate from: hemorrhagic septicaemia, swimmbladder inflammation, larval tapeworm infection, (kidney form of) sanguinicolosis, bothriocephalus
Diseases caused by viruses with notification obligation:
• Rhabdoviridae:
o SCV: spring viremia: carp
o VHS: viral hemorrhagic septicemia salmon+pike
o IHN: infectious hemorrhagic septicemia: trout
• Birnaviridae:
o ISA: infectious salmon anemia: atlantic salmon
o IPN: infectious pancreatic necrosis: salmon + pike
(Non viral:, W notification):
Parasitic (ectoparasite in fish skin) Gyrodactylus salaris
Bacterial: BKD (Bacterial Kidney Disease)
Disease of Trout caused by Myxobolus cerebralis:
disease.
Location: in cartilage of fish.
Affect: fry+ fingerlings. 90% mortality rate.
Signs: scull skeletal deformation “atropia cerebri”, discolouration, uncoordinated swimming (neurological damage).
Pike tapeworm
Trienophorous Nodulosus. 3 hosts: 2 im: cyclop, carpfinal: Pike.
Signs: damage to parenchymal organs Liver.
Prevention: decr stock density.
Treatment: Fumagilin DCH (1%).
Cause of ascites:
“Droopsy”: FurunculosisAeromonas salmonida subspp: salmonida. Ecto parasite temp above 16C.
Signs: external hemorrages on skin and fin, visceral and muscle hemorrages.
Treatment: antibiotics. Ex: amoxicillin.
Prevention: Vaccination, minimize stress, decr overcrowding, improve water flow.
Differential diagnosis: Hemorragia & septicemia of silver carp & bihead. Enteric redmouth of trout (ERM), bacterial kidney disease (BKD).
ae bloom, good and bad
o Good: algae bloom will surface, leading to an incr growth of microrg on water surface. These serve as food for fish and fish growth incr.
o Bad: in case of several bloomings or heavy blooming, as the algae bloom sedimentates the microorg on bottom cant eat it all and the organic material will cause oxygen depletionfish hypoxia and death (as well as microrg(feed) death. In addition the blooming of Blue-green algae: cyanophytes, containing chlorophyll will produce toxins: cyanotoxins, neurotoxins and gastroenteral toxins. These accumulate.
Algae bloom depend on these factors:
Sunshine (UV), temperature (incr), trophity.
o Daytime: a overproduction will occur (sunlight-chlorophyll), as well as toxin prod.
o Nighttime: oxygen depletion and Co2 production. As algae mass die H2S intoxication!
Prevented by: shadowing and antibiotic treatments.
Spring viremia in carps: SVC-differential diagnosis:
Diff diagn: o Hemorrhagic septicemia o Swimbladder inflammation o Larval tapeworm infection o Sanguinicolosis (kidney form) o Bothriocephalus Treatment: vaccination. Prevention: decr crowding, optimize environment, buy from SCV free farms ( good quality).
Ammonium and Hydrogen sulphide, as pathogens:
Fish are sensitive to the concentrations of NH3/H2S they cause toxicosis.
o NH3NH4 ratio is dependent on the water PH. It is toxic at: 0.2-0,5 mg/l. (Note that fish that have problems with their ammonia excretion are even more intolerant.)
o H2S is produced upon breakdown (death) of algae. It is toxic at: 0,5-4 mg/l.
Swim-Bladder inflammation of common carp:
o Cause: Philometroides lusiana.
o Life cycle: live under scales, has intermediate host: copepoda crabs.
o Signs: it’s a 8-10 cm red worm.
o Mortality: high.
o Diagnosis: by meat inspection: with naked eye, PM.
o Treatment: Levamisol, mebendazol.
o Prevention: prevent vertical infection.
Bacterial kidney disease (BKD):
o Cause: Renibacterium salmonarium. (gram +) notifiable!
o Signs: pop eye, bloody blisters on lateral line
o Diagnosis: ELISA, IF.
o Transmission: Horisontal and vertical.
o Treatment: antibiotics.
o Prevention: vaccination, yearly checks and sample testing. good hygiene, reducing stress, quarantine of infected stocks
White spot disease:
o Cause: Ichthyophthirius multifillis. 1-1,5 mm endoparasiteobligate pathogen.
o Signs: White spots on cornea (gills and skin as well!). Gasping and “fast movements. Run/flash”.
o Mortality: 100%!
o Diagnosis: naked eye due to obvious signs=spots.
o Treatment: FCM, Kinin-HCL, Cu. need to kill the parasite when outside the fish, it´s done by raising water temp to speed up development of parasite stages development. Then use Formalin or Malachite green, Copper
o Prevention: decr stress and overcrowding.
Parasitic HIRUDINEA (crabs) and CRUSTACEA spp (leeches/louses) in fresh water fishes.
o CRUSTACEA :parasitic crabs in fish: copepoda crabs.
o HIRUDINEA: Piscicola geometra. Chaetogaster limnaei, Lernaea cyprinacea, Branchiura, Argulus foliaceus.
Swim bladder inflammation in carp.
parasitic crabs in fish: copepoda crabs.
Bacterial kidney disease (BKD):
o Cause: Renibacterium salmonarium. (gram +) notifiable!
o Signs: pop eye, bloody blisters on lateral line
o Diagnosis: ELISA, IF.
o Transmission: Horisontal and vertical.
o Treatment: antibiotics.
o Prevention: vaccination, yearly checks and sample testing. good hygiene, reducing stress, quarantine of infected stocks
Difference btw Gyrodactylus spp and Dactylogyrus spp? (Flukes)
o Gyrodactylus: skin flukes, also on fins, urinary vessels. Host specific, vivparous-alive in mother, non pigm eyes, muscular pharynx. 16 marginal and 2 central hooks.
o Dactylogyrus: GILL flukes, host specific: carp!, oviparous (lay eggs), 4 pigmented eyes, 14 marginal & 2 central hoooks.
Flagellate causing disease in pond fishes+ treatment?./ Which ciliate (flagellate) causes diseases in pond & aquaria fishes?
Cause: Chilodonella piscicolain wintering ponds.
Treatment: FCM, Formaline, NaCl bath, Cupper Oxychlorid
Neon disease
Protozoan:
Nodular coccidosis, cause: Goussia Subepithelialis
Diffuse coccidosis: cause: Goussia carpelli
Helminth (worms)
Tapeworm adult:
Khawia Sinensis
Bothriocephalus acheliognathi
Fish diseases caused by Aeromonas bacteria.
Erythrodermatitis: A. salmonicida subspp: nova: common carp
FurunculosisA. salmonicida subspp: salmonicida in samonids
Herpes viral infection in fish
o DNA virus: Herpesvirus SILURIS. glanis. papillomatosis & hyperplasia of stratum germinativum. In Fry: hemorrhagic septicemia.
o Carp pox: Herpesvirus. Cyprini: in carp and Koi. Occur in winter. Causes skin papillomas. No treatment.
o Cowliflower disease of eel (may belong to herpes family)
